RPi 常见问题解答

Raspberry Pi 是什么？
Raspberry Pi 是一个信用卡大小、可以接入电视和键盘的计算机. 且短小精悍，很多桌面计算机能做到的事情它同样可以. 比如电子表格、文字处理、玩游戏以及播放高清晰度视频. 我们希望看到它被用于世界各地学习编程的孩子.

我可以购买 Raspberry Pi 的股份吗？
我们是慈善机构，所以您不能购买本公司股份. 如果您想支持我们，我们建议您直接购买一个树梅派. 我们也将提供一种套餐，使您可以进行“买一赠一”（buy-one-give-one）的购买. 同时，当我们开始出货时我们也接受捐赠.

我能在哪买到呢？
您可以通过 Premier Farnell/Element 14 和 RS Components 购买到 Raspi，中国客户也可以咨询韵动电子来了解相关信息.

我一次性可以购买多少？
第一批订单我们限制了每人仅限购买一个，用来防止 eBay 倒票 (在一定程度上 - 我们还自己去拍下了我们的主板以尽量确保黄牛没有市场)，并尽量确保每个购买这都能得到 Raspberry Pi！

它的价格是多少？
A 型的价格是 25 美金 (约合人民币 150 元)， B 型的价格是 35 美金 (约合人民币 220 元)，当地税费和运输费用另算.

我能使用哪些方式付款？
经销商支持大多数信用卡、PayPal 和离线付款方式.

当我仅购买一个 Raspberry Pi 时，我能得到什么？
只能得到 Raspberry Pi 主板. 排线、电源适配器、外壳或 SD 卡都是不包含在内的. 但您可以在任意 Raspberry Pi 厂商处购买到这些配件：Premier Farnell/Element 14 和 RS Components. 您可以在您自己的 SD 卡上创建操作系统或者直接在上述供应商处购买预装了 Raspian "wheezy" 的 SD 卡.

为什么价格是用美元计价？你们是一家英国公司！
我们购买的组件都是以美元计价，并且我们与厂商谈判也是以美元计算. 考虑到现在的货币市场如此动荡，于是我们将最终成品板也按照美元标价，这样我们就不用频繁修改价格了.

还会有“买一赠一”的计划吗？
当然. 我们计划实施这类程序，但如果您喜欢的话您也可以只购买一个.

(备注：“买一赠一”不是指一般商家的“买一送一”的营销手段，而是一种慈善捐助的形式. 具体的流程是：您付款购买两套设备，其中一套是给您的，另一套寄往发展中国家需要帮助的儿童手中. )

Will the device be available internationally?
Premier Farnell/Element 14 and RS Components distribute and ship world-wide via subsidiaries and partners in virtually every country. There have been some problems with information about pricing and availability being fully shared among some countries' local offices, but, they are being worked out with the primary distributors and should be resolved by mid-March 2012.

How much will it cost to ship to [country X]?
Premier Farnell/Element 14 and RS Components and their subsidiaries/partners will convey this information before orders are charged, and these costs may vary from country to country, which the Foundation cannot control.

Will there be a minimum order quantity?
The minimum order quantity is one unit. The maximum order size restriction has been lifted.

Do you accept pre-orders?
Pre-orders are now being taken by Premier Farnell/Element 14 and RS Components

I want to be a Raspberry Pi reseller.
We are not taking requests for people to be resellers at the moment. However, nothing stops your buying devices from the distributors and reselling them with accessories.

Can I join the mailing list?
You certainly can. Head to the home page, and you’ll see a form at the top right you can fill in. People who are signed up will get an e-mail as soon as we have confirmed a release date.

Model A 和 Model B 之间的区别是什么?
Model A 有 256 MB RAM, HDMI, 一个 USB 端口 并且 没有 以太网 (网络连接). Model B 有两个版本. 第一个( 引用为 revision 1 ) 有 256 MB RAM, HDMI, 两个 USB 端口 和 一个 100 Mbits/sec 以太网端口. Model B revision 2 有 512MB RAM 及相同端口.

Raspberry Pi 的大小是多少 ?
Raspberry Pi 测量为 85.60mm x 53.98mm x 17mm, SD卡和连接器设计时在边缘稍有超出. 重 45g.

你们使用的何种 SoC ?
SoC 是 Broadcom BCM2835. 它包含了一个 ARM1176JZFS, 带有浮点, 运行于 700Mhz, 及一个 Videocore IV GPU. GPU 能胜任蓝光品质回放, 使用 H.264 于 40 Mbits/s. 它拥有一个高速3D核心,通过使用提供的OpenGL ES 2.0 和 OpenVG 库来访问.

为什么你们选择 ARM11?
成本和性能.

它有多强大?
GPU 提供了 Open GL ES 2.0, 硬件加速的 OpenVG, 及 1080p30 H.264 高性能解码.

GPU 能胜任 1 Gpixel/s, 1.5 Gtexel/s 或 24 GFLOPs 通用计算,带有一系列纹理过滤特性及DMA基础.

就是说, 图形处理能力在性能上概略地等价 Xbox 1 级. 总得说来,现实性能类似于一个 300MHz Pentium II, 带有一个很时髦显卡.

Will it overclock?
There’s a little overclocking headroom – most devices will run happily at 800MHz. There’s no BIOS per se, but we do support booting bare metal code, so something could be done.

Will it blend?
Yes. We have conducted extensive virtual simulations. No Raspberry Pis were harmed in the testing.

How does it boot?
You have to boot from SD but a USB HD can “take over” after the initial boot. You cannot boot without an SD card.

Where’s the on / off switch?
To switch on: just plug it in!

To switch off: remove power.

Or if you really want a switch, you can get a Pi Supply Switch

Why is there no real time clock (RTC)?
The expectation is that non-network connected units will have their clocks updated manually at startup. Adding an RTC is surprisingly expensive, once you’ve factored in batteries, area and componentry and would have pushed us above our target price. You can add one yourself using the GPIO pins if you’re after an interesting electronics project.

Will you sell a self-assembly kit?
No. It would be too expensive for us to provide kits alongside finished boards, which would mean introducing another step in manufacturing; and a kit would be impossible to hand solder. We use special equipment (robots!) to solder on the BGA package and other tiny components.

Can I add extra memory?
No. The RAM is a POP package on top of the SoC, so it’s not removable or swappable.

What hardware documentation will be available?
Broadcom don’t release a full datasheet for the BCM2835, which is the chip at the heart of the Raspberry Pi. We have released a datasheet for the SoC which covers the hardware exposed on the Raspi board e.g. the GPIOs. We also have released a board schematic.

But I want documentation for &lt;hardware X&gt;!
Other documentation may be released in future but this will be at the Foundation’s discretion.

But I demand the documentation for the chip. Give it to me!
To get the full SoC documentation you would need to sign an NDA with Broadcom, who make the chip and sell it to us. But you would also need to provide a business model and estimate of how many chips you are going to sell.

Why doesn’t the Raspberry Pi include &lt;insert name&gt; piece of hardware or &lt;insert name&gt; sort of port?
Our main function is a charitable one – we’re trying to build the cheapest possible computer that provides a certain basic level of functionality, and keeping the price low means we’ve had to make hard decisions about what hardware and interfaces to include.

Can you test it to make sure that it is suitable for &lt;X&gt;?
If you want to use it for something that we haven’t tested, and that it’s not intended for (i.e. anything but the educational work we’re planning for it), then that development work is up to you.

How do I connect a mouse and keyboard?
Model A has one USB port and Model B has two. Beyond this, mice, keyboards, network adapters and external storage will all connect via a USB hub.

Will it have a case?
Not for the first batch. We’ll be making and selling cases by the summer; you'll be able to buy a unit with or without a case, or a case on its own. The education release later in 2012 will have a case by default. There are lots of homebrew case discussions on the forum.

Will it fit in an Altoids tin?
Doesn’t quite work, I’m afraid – because we don’t round off the edges of the board, it’s a little too big to fit the tin.

What display can I use?
There is composite and HDMI out on the board, so you can hook it up to an old analog TV, to a digital TV or to a DVI monitor (using a cheap adapter for the DVI). There is no VGA support, but adaptors are available, although these are relatively expensive.

Why is there no VGA support?
The chip specifically supports HDMI. VGA is considered to be an end-of-life technology, so supporting it doesn’t fit with our plans at the moment.

Is there a GPU binary?
Yes. The GPU binary also contains the first stage bootloader.

Can I add a touchscreen?
We haven’t experimented with any touchscreens yet, but there’s no electronic reason why it shouldn’t work. There’s lots of discussion about this on the forums. The main issue people are encountering seems to be one of cost; touchscreens are very pricey!

What is the usable temperature range?
The Raspberry Pi is built from commercial chips which are qualified to different temperature ranges; the LAN9512 is specified by the manufacturers being qualified from 0°C to 70°C, while the AP is qualified from -40°C to 85°C. You may well find that the board will work outside those temperatures, but we’re not qualifying the board itself to these extremes.

Is sound over HDMI supported?
Yes.

What about standard audio in and out?
There’s a standard 3.5mm jack for audio out. You can add any supported USB microphone for audio in.

What are the power requirements?
The device is powered by 5v micro USB. You can read more about it here. Power supplies will be available at launch.

Can I run power Raspberry Pi from batteries as well as from a wall socket?
Yes. The Model A should run well off 4 x AA cells.

Is power over Ethernet (PoE) possible?
Not in the base device, but it’s been a very commonly requested feature, so we’re examining options for later releases.

What operating system (OS) does it use?
It is capable of running several different operating systems. As of July 2012, the Foundation recommmends Raspbian "Wheezy" for first-time users. It’s straightforward to replace the root partition on the SD card with another ARM Linux distro if you want to use something else. The OS is stored on the SD card.

Does it have an official programming language?
By default, we’ll be supporting Python as the educational language.

Any language which will compile for ARMv6 can be used with the Raspberry Pi, though; so you’re not limited to using Python.

Will it run WINE (or Windows, or other x86 software)?
No.

What Linux distros will be supported at launch?
Fedora, Debian and ArchLinux will be supported from the start. We hope to see support from other distros later (because of issues with newer releases of Ubuntu and the ARM processor we are using, Ubuntu can’t commit to supporting Raspberry Pi at the moment). You will be able to download distro images from us as soon as the Raspberry Pi is released, and we will also be selling pre-loaded SD cards shortly after release.

Will it run Android?
If someone in the community can port a version of Android to work with 256MB of RAM, then it’ll run on the Raspberry Pi.

Will it run &lt;insert name of program here&gt;?
In general, you need to look to see whether the program you want can be compiled for the ARMv6 architecture. In most cases the answer will be yes. Specific programs are discussed on our forum, so you might want to look there for an answer.

Will it run the new Windows RT?
We are not partners with Microsoft, and their support would be required for porting Windows 8.

SD 卡和存储
我们尝试过最大到32GB的卡,并且大部分卡看起来都能正常工作.本Wiki有更多关于何种规格和制造的卡工作的最好.你同样能连接一个USB闪存棒或USB移动硬盘用作存储.

如果我把设备变砖了该怎么办?
你能通过重刷新SD卡来恢复设备.

设备是否支持网络? 有Wi-Fi吗?
设备 Model B 版本包含了 10/100 Mbits/second 有线以太网.Model A版本没有以太网(我们期望大部分被教育市场所接纳),但是Wi-Fi可以通过一个标准USB适配器接入.

将会有WiFi版本可选吗?
第一版本将不会有,可是你可以添加一个适配器.ARM Linux WiFi支持可能有点不协调;wiki上已经有一列测试过的适配器.

为什么不是万兆以太网?
以太网是通过 USB2.0 驱动的,所以上游带宽没办法支持万兆.

设备是否支持某种形式的网络启动或PXE?
不. 无论如何,这是个如此低功率的设备,我们期望它大部分时间都保持开机.

你们如何连接多于两个USB设备的?
使用一个hub来增加端口数量.有些带有hub的键盘很合适.

What educational material will be available?
We’re working with partners to get software materials developed, as well as with the open source community. Computing at School is writing a user guide and programming manual, we’re aware of a few books being planned and written around the Raspberry Pi, and others have already started to produce some excellent tutorials including video. We’re also working with partners to use it as a teaching platform for other subjects, including languages, math, and so on.

Once we launch, we hope that the community will help organizations like Computing at School put together teaching material such as lesson plans and resources and push this into schools. In due course, the foundation hopes to provide a system of prizes to give young people something to work towards.

There’s lots of discussion of educational uses and resources in our forums – come and have a chat!

术语表
BGA: Ball Grid Array. A type of surface mount packaging for electronics.

SoC: System on Chip. A computer on a single integrated circuit.

GPIO: General Purpose Input/Output. Pins that can be programmed to do stuff.

GPU: Graphics Processing Unit. The hardware that handles 3-D graphics in scientific notation (floating point) math.

Distro: a specific package (“flavor”) of Linux and associated software.

Brick: to accidentally render a device inoperative by making changes to software or firmware.

Pxe: Preboot execution environment. A way to get a device to boot via the network.

PoE: Power over Ethernet. Powering a device via an Ethernet cable.