Kgdb

It is fascinating to think that you have control over running Linux Kernel. You can stop, can single-step, can resume and even can put break-points on running Kernel. In fact, you can debug the kernel as easily as you debug any application.

How to setup kgdb
The steps mentioned here are with reference to 2.6.26 Kernel. The main reason is KGDB code is merged into Linux tree from 2.6.26-RC5 kernel. (As a side note, for kernel < 2.6.26-RC5, you have to get kgdb patch from [ http://kgdb.linsyssoft.com/kernel.htm] and apply them to kernel)

Hardware Requirements
Two x86 machines are required for using KGDB. One of the machines runs a kernel to be debugged called "TEST MACHINE". The other machine runs gdb "DEVELOPMENT MACHINE". A serial line is required between the development and the test machine. And so obviously, machines need one serial port each. Basically, you will be sending "Debugging Commands" from "DEVELOPMENT MACHINE" to "TEST MACHINE".

Preparing Kernel to be Debugged
1. Download the source of kernel (for e.g., 2.6.26.2)from kernel.org

2. Recompile the Kernel on "DEVELOPMENT MACHINE". Go to Kernel Hacking and Enable the following options: -*- Magic SysRq key [*] Compile the kernel with debug info [*] KGDB: kernel debugging with remote gdb ---> And in n KGDB: --- KGDB: kernel debugging with remote gdb <*>  KGDB: use kgdb over the serial console [ ]  KGDB: internal test suite 3. Build kernel and modules make -j 12 && make modules && make modules_install

4. Transfer the vmlinux and system.map and initrd.img files on "TEST MACHINE".

5. Now, edit the GRUB entry for that kernel on "TEST MACHINE". Add kernel options/kernel parameters like kgdbwait and kgdboc=ttyS0,115200 For e.g., kernel /vmlinux ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet crashkernel=128M@16M kgdbwait kgdboc=ttyS0,115200 kgdbwait -- > This will make Kernel to wait on boot time and will expect someone to connect to it and give further commands kgdboc --> This is a KGDB I/O driver and we are supplying two arguments. ttyS0 will tell that communication will happen on Serial Port 0 and 115200 is the baudrate.

6. Now boot the Kernel with those kernel parameters.

7. On dev machine, start GDB session. [dev@einfochips]gdb vmlinux The argument vmlinux file is the file that is created with Debug symbols. It will be of much larger size and more than likely to be in the directory where you gave "make" command..

8. Assuming that on "DEVELOPMENT MACHINE" you have set serial interface baudrate as 115200. Connect to the "TEST MACHINE" with target command. (gdb)target remote /dev/ttyS0

9. This will stop your Kernel booting on "TEST MACHINE" and will give control to your "DEVELOPMENT MACHINE". Now, you can do Single-stepping or put breakpoints and etc.

10. Once your Kernel is running on "TEST MACHINE" and you want control over your running kernel from "DEVELOPMENT MACHINE", You have to send MANUALLY on TEST machine SysRq command. So, on "TEST MACHINE" press SysRq + g    (i.e., press "ALT" key then Press "PrintScreen" Key and then Press "g" key)

There are several possible problems that you may face
1. Your Kernel is booted and SysRq+g is not working. [r00t@einfochips] echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq This will enable sending SysRq commands.

2. You may find some time that while stopping execution through SysRq key on "TEST MACHINE", it stops but then it is not able to communicate over serial cable with "DEVELOPMENT MACHINE". The reason can be, your KGDB I/O driver is not passed arguments properly and you may need to reconfigure the driver by following way, [root@einfochips]echo "ttyS0,115200" > /sys/modules/ /parameters