Multimedia

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Introduction
Here are some miscellaneous resources related to audio, video and graphics systems under Linux:

Also see the section on User Interfaces.

CELF 2.0 Specification for AVG
(more like a set of recommendations rather than a specification)

Audio Video Working Group
Please see the CELF wiki for more information: Audio Video Graphics Working Group

Some AVWG related Outdated pages

What is DirectFB, How Does DirectFB Work
DirectFB

Sample Implementation of DirectFB on an embedded Linux platform
Porting DirectFB

Some DirectFB benchmark on embedded Linux platform
Benchmark DirectFB

Framebuffer

 * http://www.kernel.org/ (1) KD26/fb
 * http://linuxconsole.sourceforge.net/fbdev/HOWTO/
 * http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Framebuffer-HOWTO.html

Stores the frame information in the videos ....

DirectFB

 * http://www.directfb.org/
 * http://www.directfb.org/documentation/DirectFB_overview_V0.2.pdf
 * DirectFB

V4L2

 * http://www.linuxtv.org/
 * http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/video4linux/API/V4L2_API/spec-single/v4l2.html

X11

 * http://www.x.org/
 * X11

NanoX

 * http://www.microwindows.org/

OpenGL (OpenML)

 * http://www.opengl.org/
 * http://www.khronos.org/opengles/

SDL

 * http://www.libsdl.org/ immediate renderer library with very bare bones primitives like rectangle fill and blit. Since it exposes just framebuffer and few primitives, it's easy to port to different platforms, actually it was born as a way to port Windows games to Linux.

Cairo

 * http://www.cairographics.org/ is an immediate renderer library that can do complex vector graphics, including matrix transforms. It runs on top of DirectFB, X11, memory buffers and more. It is the base of some toolkits like GTK and applications like Firefox.

Clutter

 * http://clutter-project.org/ is an object-oriented 3d canvas on top of OpenGL (or OpenGL-ES) with scene management. It is based on GLib/GObject and matches nicely GNOME platform. Many powerful Linux mobile devices will ship with Clutter-based intefaces in near future, like Intel's Moblin, Ubuntu Mobile and Maemo.

Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL)
The Enlightenment Foundation Libraries contains Evas, an object-oriented 2d canvs on top of OpenGL/X11, XRender/X11, X11, FB, DirectFB, DirectDraw and more. It includes scene management and integrates with Ecore, matches nicely other EFL components like Edje. It's used by some media centers and the OpenMoko phone. See Gustavo Barbieri conference at Embedded Linux Conference Europe 2008, slides and video. Gustavo's company, ProFUSION, offers services around EFL.

Qt

 * Qt is a crossplatform graphics toolkit with support for framebuffer and X. Has advanced animation capabilities using Graphics View framework.

Storyboard Suite (Storyboard Designer/Engine from Crank Software)

 * http://www.cranksoftware.com/storyboard The Storyboard Suite from Crank Software provides a complete environment to design, develop and deploy embedded user interfaces across multiple rendering technologies (DirectFB, FBDev, SDL, OpenGL, OpenVG, ...), multiple operating systems (Linux, QNX, VxWorks, WinCE/Win32, ...) and multiple architectures (x86, ARM, PPC, SH, ...). The Storyboard approach is unique in that it has been developed to incorporate content directly from graphic designers and deploy data bundles that are specifically optimized for each OS/CPU/Rendering technology set.

GStreamer

 * http://www.gstreamer.net/ is a open-source multimedia framework allowing the creation of multimedia applications by assembling processing nodes (called elements) in a graph (called pipeline). The range of plugins available allow easy creation of playback applications, recorders, audio/video editors, streaming servers, visioconference system. The variety of plugins range from decoders, encoders, muxer, demuxers, network sources for a variety of protocols, hardware accelerated features (decoding, display, capture,..), video filters. Its low-level flexibility also makes it sometimes complex to use, but is assisted by several convenience plugins linke playbin, decodebin, camerabin making simple use-cases easy to use. It is built on top of GLib/GObject, making it easily portable to any new platform. It is being used in more and more in embedded devices due to the availability of quality LGPL plugins for various format support, support for lip-sync, support for network streaming, standard linux API, and easy wrapability of hardware devices like DSP-accelerated codecs.

Xine

 * http://xinehq.de/ is a playback media engine that handles most of the complexity for you. It's based on threads, so clock and synchronization are handled automatically. Note that this library is GPL licensed so your application must be GPL compatible to use it.

MPlayer

 * http://mplayerhq.hu/ it's not a library but an application, however it's controllable from other applications and it's used as media framework for some systems. It's GPL as well as xine, but since it's externally controlled you don't need to make your application GPL to use it.

Documentation

 * Presentation Choosing embedded graphical libraries held by Thomas Petazzoni at the ELCE 2008

V4L[2]

 * http://www.kernel.org/ (1) KD26/video4linux
 * http://www.linuxtv.org
 * http://www.linuxtv.org/downloads/video4linux/API/V4L2_API/spec-single/v4l2.html

OpenML

 * http://www.khronos.org/openml/

LinuxTV (DVB API)

 * http://www.linuxtv.org

OSS

 * http://www.kernel.org/ (1) KD26/sound/oss
 * http://www.4front-tech.com/oss.html

ALSA

 * http://www.kernel.org/ (1) KD26/sound/alsa
 * http://www.alsa-project.org

OpenAL

 * http://www.openal.org/

PulseAudio

 * http://pulseaudio.org PulseAudio is a multi-platform sound server which brings a lot of cool features to Linux sound. Why you want to use it for for embedded systems (besides having support for cool stuff like bluetooth audio, apple airport etc) is described here: http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/pulse-glitch-free.html

Video Lan

 * http://www.videolan.org

Freevo

 * http://freevo.sourceforge.net

LinuxTV

 * http://www.linuxtv.org/

MythTV

 * http://www.mythtv.org/

DVR

 * http://dvr.sourceforge.net/html/main.html

OpenPVR

 * http://www.funktronics.ca/openpvr/
 * http://sourceforge.net/projects/openpvr/

Morphine.TV

 * http://wiki.morphine.tv
 * http://sourceforge.net/projects/mms4l/

ARIB architecture

 * http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/ov/std_b24.html

Boot Splash

 * www.bootsplash.org

Digital Home Working Group

 * http://www.dhwg.org/

Disko Framework

 * http://www.diskohq.org
 * http://www.directfb.org

Free Type

 * http://freetype.sourceforge.net/freetype2/

UPnP

 * see UPnP

TV Anytime

 * http://www.tv-anytime.org/

TV Linux Alliance

 * http://www.tvlinuxalliance.com/

Note (1) - KD26 refers to the Linux 2.6.X kernel tree, which has a "Documentation" sub-directory.