https://elinux.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Ryanteck&feedformat=atomeLinux.org - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T12:39:30ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.31.0https://elinux.org/index.php?title=RPi_Hardware&diff=341192RPi Hardware2014-07-16T16:49:21Z<p>Ryanteck: Fixed reference</p>
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<div>[[Category: RaspberryPi]]<br />
{{Template:RPi_Hardware}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
[[File:Rpi unpopulated pcb.jpg|thumb|right|The unpopulated Rpi bèta board]]<br />
The first product is the size of a credit card, and is designed to plug into a TV or HDMI monitor. It comes in two variants, model A and B, with B having more features. The expected price is $25 for model A and $35 for model B. The [[Rpi Low-level peripherals| GPIO pins]] on each board allow the use of optional [[Rpi expansion boards|expansion boards]].<br />
<br />
Those who are looking to set up a Raspberry Pi for the first time, see [[RPi Hardware Basic Setup]].<br />
<br />
There have been three major [[board revisions]] of the Raspberry Pi board, notably adding of mounting holes and removal of USB polyfuses.<br />
<br />
Several different minor hardware versions/revisions [[RaspberryPi Boards]] have been found probably from different assembly lines. Try to identify your board for better troubleshooting and update it if you have one which is not mentioned.<br />
<br />
==Specifications==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!<br />
! Model A<br />
! Model B<br />
! Model B+<br />
|-<br />
| Target price:<ref name="faq" >http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs</ref><br />
| US$25 Ext tax (GBP £16 Exc VAT)<br />
| US$35 Ext tax (GBP £22 Exc VAT)<br />
| US$35 Ext tax (GBP £22 Exc VAT)<br />
|-<br />
| System-on-a-chip (SoC):<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="3" | Broadcom BCM2835 (CPU + GPU. SDRAM is a separate chip stacked on top)<br />
|-<br />
| CPU:<br />
| colspan="3" | 700&nbsp;MHz ARM11 ARM1176JZF-S core<br />
|-<br />
| GPU:<br />
| colspan="3" | Broadcom VideoCore IV,OpenGL ES 2.0,OpenVG 1080p30 H.264 high-profile encode/decode <br />
|-<br />
| Memory (SDRAM)iB<br />
| 256&nbsp;MiB (planned with 128&nbsp;MiB, upgraded to 256&nbsp;MiB on 29 Feb 2012)<br />
| 256&nbsp;MiB (until 15 Oct 2012); 512&nbsp;MiB (since 15 Oct 2012)<br />
| 512&nbsp;MiB<br />
|-<br />
| USB 2.0 ports:<br />
| 1 (provided by the BCM2835)<br />
| 2 (via integrated USB hub)<br />
| 4 (via intergrated USB hub)<br />
|-<br />
| Video outputs:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="2" | Composite video | Composite RCA, HDMI (not at the same time)<br />
| HDMI | Composite video requires 4 Pole Adapter<br />
|-<br />
| Audio outputs:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="3" | TRS connector | 3.5 mm jack, HDMI<br />
|-<br />
| Audio inputs:<br />
| colspan="2" | none, but a USB mic or sound-card could be added<br />
|-<br />
| Onboard Storage:<br />
| colspan="2" | Secure Digital|SD / MMC / SDIO card slot<br />
| Micro Secure Digital / MicroSD slot<br />
|-<br />
| Onboard Network:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| None<br />
| colspan="2" | 10/100 wired Ethernet RJ45<br />
|-<br />
| Low-level peripherals:<br />
| colspan="2" | 26 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins, Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI), I²C, I²S<ref name="i2s">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/sad-about-removal-of-i2s-why-was-this-change-made Forum:Sad about removal of I2S. Why was this change made?]</ref>, Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)<br />
| 40 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins, Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI), I²C, I²S,<ref name="i2s">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/sad-about-removal-of-i2s-why-was-this-change-made Forum:Sad about removal of I2S. Why was this change made?]</ref> I2C IDC Pins, Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)<br />
|-<br />
| Real-time clock:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="3" | None<br />
|-<br />
| Power ratings:<br />
| 300&nbsp;mA, (1.5&nbsp;W) <ref name="faq" /><br />
| 700&nbsp;mA, (3.5&nbsp;W)<br />
| ~650&nbsp;mA, (3.0&nbsp;W)<ref name="e14bp">[http://www.element14.com/community/community/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-bplus?ICID=hp-rpibplus-ban Element 14 Raspberry Pi Model B+]</ref><br />
|-<br />
| Power source:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="3" | 5&nbsp;V (DC) via Micro USB type B or GPIO header<br />
|-<br />
| Size:<br />
| 85.0 x 56.0 mm x 15mm <br />
| 85.0 x 56.0 mm x 17mm <br />
| 85.0 x 56.0 mm x 17mm<br />
|-<br />
| Weight:<br />
| 31g<br />
| 40g<br />
| 40g <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Components==<br />
[[File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-2-699x1024.png|400px|thumb|right|A diagram denoting the places of the different components on the Rpi, made by Paul<br />
Beech, edited to show 256MB ram for both boards]]<br />
(Provisional - some of the expansion interfaces won't be available on production boards)<br />
(PCB IDs are those of the Model B Beta board) <br />
<br />
* SoC: [http://www.broadcom.com/products/BCM2835 Broadcom BCM2835 media processor] ([http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals.pdf datasheet], [[BCM2835 datasheet errata]], [[RPi_BCM2835_Pinout|unofficial pinout]], [[BCM2835_registers|BCM2835 Register documentation - based on GPU source code]]) system-on-chip featuring:<br />
** CPU core: [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0301h/DDI0301H_arm1176jzfs_r0p7_trm.pdf ARM1176JZF-S] ARM11 core clocked at 700MHz; ARM VFP. The ARM11 core implements the ARMv6 Architecture. For details on ARM instruction sets and naming conventions, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture ARM architecture] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ARM_microprocessor_cores List of ARM microprocessor cores].<br />
** GPU core: a Broadcom [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocore VideoCore] IV GPU providing OpenGL ES 1.1, OpenGL ES 2.0, hardware-accelerated OpenVG 1.1, Open EGL, OpenMAX and 1080p30 H.264 high-profile decode. There are 24 GFLOPS of general purpose compute and a bunch of texture filtering and DMA infrastructure. Eben worked on the architecture team for this and the Raspberry Pi team are looking at how they can make some of the proprietary features available to application programmers<br />
** DSP core: There is a DSP, but there isn't currently a public API (Liz thinks the BC team are keen to make one available at some point) [http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=15474 thread]<br />
** 256MiB of ([http://www.hynix.com/products/mobile/view.jsp?info.ramKind=28&info.serialNo=H9TKNNN2GDMPLR&posMap=MobileDDR2 Hynix MobileDDR2] or [http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/product/mobile-dram/detail?productId=7611&iaId=747 Samsung Mobile DRAM]) SDRAM (or 512MB [http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/product/mobile-dram/detail?iaId=747&productId=7609 Mobile DRAM] on later boards). The RAM is physically stacked on top of the Broadcom media processor ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_on_package package-on-package technology]). Here is a photo of the [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/brcm2835plusmemory.jpg SDRAM (left) and BCM2835 (right)] ball grid arrays on JamesH's finger. You are looking at the bottom side. The BCM2835 top side has a land grid array which matches the SDRAM ball grid array. Here is a highly magnified side view of the SDRAM stacked on top of the BCM2835 stacked on top of the PCB [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/2012-09-21-10.58.22.jpg PoP stack] (you can see why it's job that can only be done by robots!).<br />
* LAN9512 ([http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Briefs/9512db.pdf Data Brief] | [http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf Data Sheet]) '''(Model B)''' providing:<br />
** 10/100Mb Ethernet (Auto-MDIX)<ref name=autoMDIX>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_dependent_interface#Auto-MDIX Wikipedia:Auto-MDIX]</ref><br />
** 2x USB 2.0 <br />
* S1: Micro USB power jack (5v - Power Only)<br />
* S2: [http://www.mipi.org/specifications/display-interface DSI] interface. 15-pin surface mounted flat flex connector, providing two data lanes, one clock lane, 3.3V and GND.<br />
* S3: HDMI connector providing type A HDMI 1.3a out<br />
* S4: Composite Video connector: RCA<br />
* S5: MIPI [http://www.mipi.org/specifications/camera-interface CSI-2] interface. 15-pin surface mounted flat flex connector.<br />
* S6: Audio connector: 3.5mm stereo jack (output only)<br />
* S8: SD/MMC/SDIO memory card slot (underside)<br />
* S7: Either 1x USB 2.0 '''(Model A)''' 2x USB 2.0 '''(Model B)'''<br />
* P1: 26-pin (2x13) 2.54 mm header expansion, providing: see [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals | Low-level peripherals]]<br />
** 8 [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals#General_Purpose_Input.2FOutput_.28GPIO.29|GPIO]]s at 3v3<br />
** 2-pin UART serial console, 3v3 TTL (debug); or 2 GPIOs at 3v3<br />
** I&sup2;C interface (3v3); or 2 GPIOs at 3v3<br />
** SPI interface (3v3); or 5 GPIOs at 3v3<br />
** 3v3, 5v and GND supply pins<br />
** ARM JTAG (if pins are reconfigured in software - on Revision1.0 boards one signal would also need to be taken from S5)<br />
** I&sup2;S interface (if pins are reconfigured in software, hardware hack may be required<ref name="i2s"/>)<br />
* P2: 8-pin 2.54 mm header expansion (header not fitted on Revision 2.0 boards), providing GPU JTAG (ARM11 pinout, pin 7 is nofit for locating)<br />
* P3: 7-pin 2.54 mm header expansion (header not fitted), providing LAN9512 JTAG (pin 6 is nofit for locating)<br />
* P4: 10/100Mb RJ45 Ethernet jack '''(Model B)'''<br />
* P5: 8-pin (2x4) 2.54 mm header expansion (header not fitted), on the ''bottom'' of the board, providing: see [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals | Low-level peripherals]] '''(Model B Revision 2.0 and Model A boards only)'''<br />
** 4 [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals#P5_header|GPIO]]s at 3v3<br />
** 3v3, 5v and GND supply pins<br />
** Second I&sup2;C interface (3v3) (if pins are reconfigured in software)<br />
** I&sup2;S interface (if pins are reconfigured in software)<br />
** Handshake signals for the UART on the P1 header (if pins are reconfigured in software)<br />
* P6: 2-pin 2.54 mm header expansion (header not fitted), providing an option to connect a hardware-reset button '''(Revision 2.0 boards only)'''<br />
* TP1 and TP2: Test Points giving access to +5V and GND respectively<br />
* 5 Status LEDs<ref name="PCBs">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/402 RPiBlog Post: High-res pics of the PCBs]</ref><ref name="LEDs">[http://twitpic.com/8edlsf TwitPic:Photo of Board Powered]</ref><ref name="LEDsGPIO">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/what-do-the-status-indicator-leds-indicate-the-status-of Forum:What do the status indicator LEDs indicate the status of?]</ref><ref name="OKGreen">[[RPi_schematic_errata]]</ref><ref name="Revision2.0">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1959 RPiBlog Post: A nice shiny photo of the rev2 board – and User Guide news]</ref>:<br />
** D5(Green) - SDCard Access (via GPIO16) - labelled as "OK" on Model B Rev1.0 boards and "ACT" on Model B Rev2.0 and Model A boards<br />
** D6(Red) - 3.3 V Power - labelled as "PWR" on all boards<br />
** D7(Green) - Full Duplex (LAN) '''(Model B)''' - labelled as "FDX" on all boards<br />
** D8(Green) - Link/Activity (LAN) '''(Model B)''' - labelled as "LNK" on all boards<br />
** D9(Yellow) - 10/100Mbit (LAN) '''(Model B)''' - labelled (incorrectly) as "10M" on Model B Rev1.0 boards and "100" on Model B Rev2.0 and Model A boards<br />
<br />
* Board size: <del>85.60 mm x 53.98 mm.</del> Overall height expected to be less than 25 mm. <ref name="artwork">http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/344</ref> Production boards measure 85.0 mm x 56.0 mm.<br />
** A Model B between the highest points (USB connector to card slot) measured 21 mm.<br />
** A Model A between the highest points (composite video connector to card slot) measured 18mm.<br />
* Weight: under 40 g?<br />
** Alpha board weighs approx. 55 g.<ref>http://www.raspberrypi.org/?page_id=43&mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=285.0</ref><br />
** A sample model B weighed 39.45 g.<br />
* 6 layer PCB <ref name="artwork" /><br />
<br />
==Schematic / Layout==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/raspberry1.png PCB screenshot, Alpha board]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/gerbers2.png PCB screenshot rev 1.0]<br />
* [http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-uO4l8pwSLvU/TsQGbth6x6I/AAAAAAAAAkk/5zQMH3uKPiE/s829/Boardlayout.png PCB screenshot rev 1.0, labelled version]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/psu.png Preliminary power supply schematic, Beta board]<br />
* [http://elinux.org/File:RPi-Front-JPB.jpg High-resolution Model B PCB front photo, production board rev 1.0]<br />
* [http://elinux.org/File:RPi-back-JPB.jpg High-resolution Model B PCB back photo, production board rev 1.0]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/sony-rasp-pi.jpg High-resolution Model B PCB front photo, production board rev 2.0]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/2012-11-29-14.48.47-HDR.jpg High-resolution Model A PCB front photo, production board rev 2.0]<br />
* [http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/bare_pcb.xcf GIMP project containing properly aligned versions of the high-res PCB photos and Gerbers on separate layers (117MB)]<br />
* [[Media:RPi beta xray.jpg|"Xray style" image of the beta board, created from the above GIMP project]] | [[RPi_xray_wallpapers|desktop wallpapers]]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Raspberry-Pi-Schematics-R1.0.pdf Official Rev 1.0 schematics PDF] | [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Raspberry-Pi-R2.0-Schematics-Issue2.2_027.pdf Official Rev 2.0 schematics PDF] | [[RPi_schematic_differences|differences]] | [[RPi_schematic_errata|errata]] | [[RPi_schematics_breakdown|breakdown]] | [[RPi_Partial_BOM_Rev2.0_ModelB|partial BOM]]<br />
* [http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html 'Module groups' of the PCB photos]<br />
<br />
==Power==<br />
<br />
The board takes fixed 5V input, (with the 1V2 core voltage generated directly from the input using the internal switch-mode supply on the BCM2835 die). <br />
This permits adoption of the micro USB form factor, which, in turn, prevents the user from inadvertently plugging in out-of-range power inputs; that would be dangerous, since the 5V would go straight to HDMI and output USB ports, even though the problem should be mitigated by some protections applied to the input power: The board provides a polarity protection diode, a voltage clamp, and a self-resetting semiconductor fuse.<br />
<br />
Premier Farnell recommend the following power supplies:<br />
* Model A: 5V dc, 500-700mA<br />
* Model B: 5V dc, 700-1500mA<br />
<br />
Power consumption of the Raspberry Pi device is<br />
<br />
* Board A: 5V, 500 mA (2.5W) '''without any devices connected''' (e.g. USB, Ethernet, HDMI)<br />
* Board B: 5V, 700 mA (3.5W) '''without any devices connected''' (e.g. USB, Ethernet, HDMI) (Is this correct? These [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/troubleshooting/usb-hub-sending-power-to-raspberry-pi-through-usb-port/#p68382] links [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/raspberry-pi-power-requirements/page-2/#p68224] suggest that the 700mA is only required if "using networking and high-current USB peripherals" [http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/260].)<br />
<br />
You will need to provide a power supply that can provide enough current to power the device plus any connected peripherals, and taking into account inefficiencies of the supply itself and the cable between the power supply and Raspberry Pi. The community advises opting for a power supply that can supply at least 1A if using USB peripherals or Pi plates that draw more than a few tens of milliamps of current.<br />
<br />
*As the 5V rail is brought out in the [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals | GPIO pins]], you can power the Rpi from there too. You should mind however, that those are ''behind'' the power protection circuitry, so you should provide your own.<br />
* It is possible to power the Rpi from a powered USB hub the Rpi controls, but only on 'dumb' devices, that allow the port to supply the full current without waiting for the usb device to ask for it[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/power-pi-from-usb-hub-connected-to-pi]. As the power input of the Rpi doesn't have its data leads connected, there is no chance for a communication loop of some sorts.<br />
* POE ([[wikipedia:Power_over_Ethernet|power over ethernet]]) is currently not available for the Rpi (but nobody stops you from taking your soldering iron and doing it yourself - mind though that the Ethernet jack on the board is a 'magjack' - http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Prototyping/MagJack.pdf - which means that the usual 'dumb or passive PoE' power pins 47 and 78 are *not* wired through to the board. So this is not an entirely trivial exercise).<br />
* Back-Powering; (powering the Raspberry Pi from a USB hub through the uplink/data port, single cable) Back powering is possible on the Raspberry Pi, but not advisable. Revision 1.0 boards have to be modified to back power, this is due to the 140ma "polyfuses" that are installed in the USB port circuit. Revision 1.1 boards do not need modifications to back-power, they have replaced the polyfuses with 0ohm resistors in their place. Revision 2.0 boards do not need modification, they have neither resistors nor polyfuses. It is advised that short (12" (.3 meter) or less) USB cables be used for back-powering a Raspberry Pi. Cable resistance plus connector resistance can quickly reduce operating voltages below the proper range(5.25V to 4.75V). But do note that if you do not power the PI in the "official manner", that is through it's micro-USB port, but use any alternative way (such as through the GPIO header, the test points TP1 and TP2), but also by back-powering it, '''you are actually bypassing the PI's input polyfuse protection device!''' This can have extreme consequences if ever you manage to put more than 6V on the PI, even for a very short period. As this causes the overvoltage device D17 on the the PI to trigger and short the 5V supply! Without the polyfuse limiting the current through D17, it will burn out, probably melting the PI's enclosure with it, (if you have any) and possibly causing a fire-hazard. It will probably also create a permanent short of the 5V supply! So be warned, and if you use back power make sure your hub or its PSU has a fuse to prevent this from happening. If not, add your own fuse.<br />
<br />
===Power Supply Problems===<br />
<br />
There have been a number of problems reported that seem to be caused by inadequate power, this is an attempt to explain what is needed and the consequences of not having enough power.<br />
<br />
The power required by the Pi will vary depending on how busy it is and what peripherals are connected.<br />
* Running a GUI will take more power.<br />
* The USB devices and Ethernet connection will take power.<br />
* Running the GPU will take extra power.<br />
<br />
This means that it's difficult to say exactly how much power is needed. People have reported current requirements of between 300mA and 550mA. But it could in reality take more, especially for short periods. A simple multimeter will not show short surges on the power requirement. A surge in the power requirement for a few milliseconds will not be detectable by a meter but will be enough to cause problems.<br />
If the board does not get enough power the voltage will drop. If it drops enough parts of the system will run unreliably because data can get corrupted. The USB IC runs on 5V and handles the USB and Ethernet ports so it's likely that this will be the first thing to fail. Problems seen are unreliable Ethernet connection and unreliable operation of the Keyboard and/or mouse. <br />
<br />
Each of the two USB ports on the Pi has a polyfuse rated at 140 mA, so any connected USB devices should draw less than this amount of current. In addition the polyfuse will cause a significant voltage drop, so that USB devices get less voltage than is available on the RPI itself, sometimes up to half a volt less (maybe more if the fuse has recently been hot). For regular "low power" USB devices this doesn't cause a problem as they are designed to work with voltages as low as 4.4 Volt. This isn't the case however with some USB devices such as WiFi dongles which may need 4.75 Volt, and are also known to draw more than 150 mA when configured and active. Because of the problems these polyfuses caused Raspberry PI's produced after August 25, 2012 have the USB polyfuses F1 & F2 removed (replaced with shorts).<br />
<br />
The microUSB input port also has a 1.1 A polyfuse (700mA "hold current") which may also have enough resistance (although much smaller than the 140mA fuses) to cause a significant voltage drop on the board, even below its 1.1 A total current.<br />
<br />
A extended explanation of the consequences of the use of these polyfuses can be found here [[Polyfuses explained]]<br />
<br />
There are several reasons why the power to the board may be inadequate:<br />
* The PSU may not deliver enough power. Although the maximum power requirement is said to be 700mA, that is with no peripherals connected (USB, Ethernet etc), so a 1000mA PSU should be regarded as a minimum. This allows some leeway in case the power supply cannot deliver its full power without the voltage dropping.<br />
* The PSU is not regulated.<br />
* The cable connecting the PSU to the Pi may not be good. People have reported cables with 4 ohms resistance on the power connections. At 500mA drain this would reduce a 5V supply to 3V.<br />
* If the PSU is unregulated it can also output too high a voltage, which may trigger the overvoltage device in the PI, which will temporarily short the 5V to ground, this will then "blow" polyfuse F3, which will take several days to recover from. Meanwhile (possibly with another PSU) the PI might not get enough power because the (partly) blown polyfuse is consuming some of the power. The solution is when this happens to ways a few days to give the polyfuse time to recover before attempting to use the better PSU. If you suspect a blow polyfuse, measure the voltage across F3, which should be less than 0.05 Volt.<br />
<br />
====How Can I tell if the power supply is inadequate?====<br />
<br />
Common symptoms of an inadequate power supply are<br />
* Unreliable Ethernet or keyboard operation, especially if it's OK at first but not when the GUI is started.<br />
* SD card errors at start up seems to be another symptom of poor power.<br />
<br />
If you think you have a problem with your power supply, it is a good idea to check the actual voltage<br />
on the Raspberry Pi circuit board. Two test points labelled TP1 and TP2 are provided on the circuit board<br />
to facilitate voltage measurements.<br />
<br />
Use a multimeter which is set to the range 20 volts DC (or 20v =). You should see a voltage between 4.75 and 5.25 volts. Anything outside this range indicates that you have a problem with your power supply or your power cable, or the input polyfuse F3. Anything inside, but close to the limits, of this range ''may'' indicate a problem.<br />
<br />
[[File:RPI_Test_Points.JPG|400px]] [[File:Voltmeter.JPG|250px]]<br />
<br />
====Things that can cause problems====<br />
* A USB connection on a TV or PC. The USB power supply specification is for up to 500mA and if the TV implements this then it can cause problems. The system may work initially but be unreliable because as it becomes more active the power requirement increases.<br />
* A single supply from a powered hub. Most hubs seem to deliver more than the specified current but there's no guarantee. Check the power supply rating, it must be enough to supply everything that's connected to the hub.<br />
* A power supply that is rated for less than 700mA may work some of the time.<br />
* Adding a USB hard disk drive. A HDD will take quite a lot of power as it starts, maybe an amp or more. It the power supply for this also supplies the Pi then this could overload things and cause trouble.<br />
* Some complex keyboards have been reported to take a considerable amount of power, maybe up to 500mA. The Pi cannot deliver this amount of power. Simpler budget keyboards may be better. If the system works with no keyboard attached but not with a keyboard then it's worth trying a different, simpler, keyboard.<br />
<br />
====Summary====<br />
<br />
* If you are having unreliable operation the first thing to do is check your power supply.<br />
* Start with a good quality regulated power supply that is rated to provide 5V and at least 1A (1000mA).<br />
* Use a good quality micro USB cable. Cables are notorious for giving trouble so be prepared to swap for another one.<br />
* Not all power supplies will deliver what they claim.<br />
<br />
===Capacitor C6===<br />
Behind the microUSB power connector on the Model B is a metallic grey component called a capacitor, marked as C6. This capacitor helps stabilise the DC power on the board, but for some it has also become a place for their thumb when removing the RPI's power lead; unfortunately, this can result in the capacitor breaking off! It has been stated in the forums that the type of capacitor used for C6 will be changed on later RPi models for one with sturdier leads. If you do break off your C6 capacitor, it's highly likely that your RPi will still work properly, unless you have a particularly unstable power supply, but the general advice is to not use C6 as a leverage point when removing the power connector and also take care when storing or transporting your RPi if it's not fitted in a case - try not to stow the board where C6 could be knocked by other items - for example in a laptop carry case or in amongst some books.<br />
[[File:Rpic6.jpg|300px|thumb|center|Capacitor C6 (ringed)]]<br />
<br />
It's unlikely that replacing a broken off C6 capacitor will be covered under warranty, but fortunately they are easy to replace if you have average [http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1494 soldering skills], but remember that reworking your RPi will void its warranty too. C6 is a surface mount electrolytic capacitor with a capacitance of 220 microfarad (μF) and a voltage rating of 16 volt (V). The capacitor is polarised and so must be fitted the right way round - notice the black marking on one side in the picture above. A replacement capacitor can be purchased from numerous sources - for example:<br />
<br />
[http://uk.farnell.com/jsp/search/browse.jsp?N=202457+110114112+110119850+110141127+110200576&No=0&getResults=true&appliedparametrics=true&locale=en_UK&divisionLocale=en_UK&catalogId=&skipManufacturer=false&skipParametricAttributeId=&prevNValues=202457+110114112+110119850+110141127&mm=1000002|110114112|110114112,1001880|110119850|110119850,1002520||,1002063||,1002999||,&filtersHidden=false&appliedHidden=false&autoApply=true&originalQueryURL=%2Fjsp%2Fsearch%2Fbrowse.jsp%3FN%3D202457%26No%3D0%26getResults%3Dtrue%26appliedparametrics%3Dtrue%26locale%3Den_UK%26divisionLocale%3Den_UK%26catalogId%3D%26skipManufacturer%3Dfalse%26skipParametricAttributeId%3D%26prevNValues%3D202457 Farnell]<br />
<br />
[http://www.rapidonline.com/Electronic-Components/220uf-16v-85deg-Smd-Electro-Capacitor-11-2264 Rapid Electronics]<br />
<br />
[http://uk.rs-online.com/web/c/passives/capacitors/aluminium/?sort-by=default&sort-order=default&applied-dimensions=4294884868,%204294884170,%204294672278,4294885140&lastAttributeSelectedBlock=4294955811 RS Components]<br />
<br />
<br />
If you prefer to make your own PSU - see: [[RPi_5V_PSU_construction| Power Supply construction - HowTo]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
{{Template:Raspberry Pi}}</div>Ryanteckhttps://elinux.org/index.php?title=RPi_Hardware&diff=341186RPi Hardware2014-07-16T16:44:07Z<p>Ryanteck: Started adding in B+ information. Size needs confirming</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category: RaspberryPi]]<br />
{{Template:RPi_Hardware}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
[[File:Rpi unpopulated pcb.jpg|thumb|right|The unpopulated Rpi bèta board]]<br />
The first product is the size of a credit card, and is designed to plug into a TV or HDMI monitor. It comes in two variants, model A and B, with B having more features. The expected price is $25 for model A and $35 for model B. The [[Rpi Low-level peripherals| GPIO pins]] on each board allow the use of optional [[Rpi expansion boards|expansion boards]].<br />
<br />
Those who are looking to set up a Raspberry Pi for the first time, see [[RPi Hardware Basic Setup]].<br />
<br />
There have been three major [[board revisions]] of the Raspberry Pi board, notably adding of mounting holes and removal of USB polyfuses.<br />
<br />
Several different minor hardware versions/revisions [[RaspberryPi Boards]] have been found probably from different assembly lines. Try to identify your board for better troubleshooting and update it if you have one which is not mentioned.<br />
<br />
==Specifications==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!<br />
! Model A<br />
! Model B<br />
! Model B+<br />
|-<br />
| Target price:<ref name="faq" >http://www.raspberrypi.org/faqs</ref><br />
| US$25 Ext tax (GBP £16 Exc VAT)<br />
| US$35 Ext tax (GBP £22 Exc VAT)<br />
| US$35 Ext tax (GBP £22 Exc VAT)<br />
|-<br />
| System-on-a-chip (SoC):<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="3" | Broadcom BCM2835 (CPU + GPU. SDRAM is a separate chip stacked on top)<br />
|-<br />
| CPU:<br />
| colspan="3" | 700&nbsp;MHz ARM11 ARM1176JZF-S core<br />
|-<br />
| GPU:<br />
| colspan="3" | Broadcom VideoCore IV,OpenGL ES 2.0,OpenVG 1080p30 H.264 high-profile encode/decode <br />
|-<br />
| Memory (SDRAM)iB<br />
| 256&nbsp;MiB (planned with 128&nbsp;MiB, upgraded to 256&nbsp;MiB on 29 Feb 2012)<br />
| 256&nbsp;MiB (until 15 Oct 2012); 512&nbsp;MiB (since 15 Oct 2012)<br />
| 512&nbsp;MiB<br />
|-<br />
| USB 2.0 ports:<br />
| 1 (provided by the BCM2835)<br />
| 2 (via integrated USB hub)<br />
| 4 (via intergrated USB hub)<br />
|-<br />
| Video outputs:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="2" | Composite video | Composite RCA, HDMI (not at the same time)<br />
| HDMI | Composite video requires 4 Pole Adapter<br />
|-<br />
| Audio outputs:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="3" | TRS connector | 3.5 mm jack, HDMI<br />
|-<br />
| Audio inputs:<br />
| colspan="2" | none, but a USB mic or sound-card could be added<br />
|-<br />
| Onboard Storage:<br />
| colspan="2" | Secure Digital|SD / MMC / SDIO card slot<br />
| Micro Secure Digital / MicroSD slot<br />
|-<br />
| Onboard Network:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| None<br />
| colspan="2" | 10/100 wired Ethernet RJ45<br />
|-<br />
| Low-level peripherals:<br />
| colspan="2" | 26 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins, Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI), I²C, I²S<ref name="i2s">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/sad-about-removal-of-i2s-why-was-this-change-made Forum:Sad about removal of I2S. Why was this change made?]</ref>, Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)<br />
| 40 General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins, Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI), I²C, I²S, I2C IDC Pins<br />
|-<br />
| Real-time clock:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="3" | None<br />
|-<br />
| Power ratings:<br />
| 300&nbsp;mA, (1.5&nbsp;W) <ref name="faq" /><br />
| 700&nbsp;mA, (3.5&nbsp;W)<br />
| ~650&nbsp;mA, (3.0&nbsp;W)<ref name="element14Power"/><br />
|-<br />
| Power source:<ref name="faq" /><br />
| colspan="3" | 5&nbsp;V (DC) via Micro USB type B or GPIO header<br />
|-<br />
| Size:<br />
| 85.0 x 56.0 mm x 15mm <br />
| 85.0 x 56.0 mm x 17mm <br />
| 85.0 x 56.0 mm x 17mm<br />
|-<br />
| Weight:<br />
| 31g<br />
| 40g<br />
| 40g <br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Components==<br />
[[File:Raspi-Model-AB-Mono-2-699x1024.png|400px|thumb|right|A diagram denoting the places of the different components on the Rpi, made by Paul<br />
Beech, edited to show 256MB ram for both boards]]<br />
(Provisional - some of the expansion interfaces won't be available on production boards)<br />
(PCB IDs are those of the Model B Beta board) <br />
<br />
* SoC: [http://www.broadcom.com/products/BCM2835 Broadcom BCM2835 media processor] ([http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals.pdf datasheet], [[BCM2835 datasheet errata]], [[RPi_BCM2835_Pinout|unofficial pinout]], [[BCM2835_registers|BCM2835 Register documentation - based on GPU source code]]) system-on-chip featuring:<br />
** CPU core: [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0301h/DDI0301H_arm1176jzfs_r0p7_trm.pdf ARM1176JZF-S] ARM11 core clocked at 700MHz; ARM VFP. The ARM11 core implements the ARMv6 Architecture. For details on ARM instruction sets and naming conventions, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture ARM architecture] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ARM_microprocessor_cores List of ARM microprocessor cores].<br />
** GPU core: a Broadcom [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocore VideoCore] IV GPU providing OpenGL ES 1.1, OpenGL ES 2.0, hardware-accelerated OpenVG 1.1, Open EGL, OpenMAX and 1080p30 H.264 high-profile decode. There are 24 GFLOPS of general purpose compute and a bunch of texture filtering and DMA infrastructure. Eben worked on the architecture team for this and the Raspberry Pi team are looking at how they can make some of the proprietary features available to application programmers<br />
** DSP core: There is a DSP, but there isn't currently a public API (Liz thinks the BC team are keen to make one available at some point) [http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=15474 thread]<br />
** 256MiB of ([http://www.hynix.com/products/mobile/view.jsp?info.ramKind=28&info.serialNo=H9TKNNN2GDMPLR&posMap=MobileDDR2 Hynix MobileDDR2] or [http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/product/mobile-dram/detail?productId=7611&iaId=747 Samsung Mobile DRAM]) SDRAM (or 512MB [http://www.samsung.com/global/business/semiconductor/product/mobile-dram/detail?iaId=747&productId=7609 Mobile DRAM] on later boards). The RAM is physically stacked on top of the Broadcom media processor ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_on_package package-on-package technology]). Here is a photo of the [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/brcm2835plusmemory.jpg SDRAM (left) and BCM2835 (right)] ball grid arrays on JamesH's finger. You are looking at the bottom side. The BCM2835 top side has a land grid array which matches the SDRAM ball grid array. Here is a highly magnified side view of the SDRAM stacked on top of the BCM2835 stacked on top of the PCB [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/2012-09-21-10.58.22.jpg PoP stack] (you can see why it's job that can only be done by robots!).<br />
* LAN9512 ([http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Briefs/9512db.pdf Data Brief] | [http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf Data Sheet]) '''(Model B)''' providing:<br />
** 10/100Mb Ethernet (Auto-MDIX)<ref name=autoMDIX>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_dependent_interface#Auto-MDIX Wikipedia:Auto-MDIX]</ref><br />
** 2x USB 2.0 <br />
* S1: Micro USB power jack (5v - Power Only)<br />
* S2: [http://www.mipi.org/specifications/display-interface DSI] interface. 15-pin surface mounted flat flex connector, providing two data lanes, one clock lane, 3.3V and GND.<br />
* S3: HDMI connector providing type A HDMI 1.3a out<br />
* S4: Composite Video connector: RCA<br />
* S5: MIPI [http://www.mipi.org/specifications/camera-interface CSI-2] interface. 15-pin surface mounted flat flex connector.<br />
* S6: Audio connector: 3.5mm stereo jack (output only)<br />
* S8: SD/MMC/SDIO memory card slot (underside)<br />
* S7: Either 1x USB 2.0 '''(Model A)''' 2x USB 2.0 '''(Model B)'''<br />
* P1: 26-pin (2x13) 2.54 mm header expansion, providing: see [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals | Low-level peripherals]]<br />
** 8 [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals#General_Purpose_Input.2FOutput_.28GPIO.29|GPIO]]s at 3v3<br />
** 2-pin UART serial console, 3v3 TTL (debug); or 2 GPIOs at 3v3<br />
** I&sup2;C interface (3v3); or 2 GPIOs at 3v3<br />
** SPI interface (3v3); or 5 GPIOs at 3v3<br />
** 3v3, 5v and GND supply pins<br />
** ARM JTAG (if pins are reconfigured in software - on Revision1.0 boards one signal would also need to be taken from S5)<br />
** I&sup2;S interface (if pins are reconfigured in software, hardware hack may be required<ref name="i2s"/>)<br />
* P2: 8-pin 2.54 mm header expansion (header not fitted on Revision 2.0 boards), providing GPU JTAG (ARM11 pinout, pin 7 is nofit for locating)<br />
* P3: 7-pin 2.54 mm header expansion (header not fitted), providing LAN9512 JTAG (pin 6 is nofit for locating)<br />
* P4: 10/100Mb RJ45 Ethernet jack '''(Model B)'''<br />
* P5: 8-pin (2x4) 2.54 mm header expansion (header not fitted), on the ''bottom'' of the board, providing: see [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals | Low-level peripherals]] '''(Model B Revision 2.0 and Model A boards only)'''<br />
** 4 [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals#P5_header|GPIO]]s at 3v3<br />
** 3v3, 5v and GND supply pins<br />
** Second I&sup2;C interface (3v3) (if pins are reconfigured in software)<br />
** I&sup2;S interface (if pins are reconfigured in software)<br />
** Handshake signals for the UART on the P1 header (if pins are reconfigured in software)<br />
* P6: 2-pin 2.54 mm header expansion (header not fitted), providing an option to connect a hardware-reset button '''(Revision 2.0 boards only)'''<br />
* TP1 and TP2: Test Points giving access to +5V and GND respectively<br />
* 5 Status LEDs<ref name="PCBs">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/402 RPiBlog Post: High-res pics of the PCBs]</ref><ref name="LEDs">[http://twitpic.com/8edlsf TwitPic:Photo of Board Powered]</ref><ref name="LEDsGPIO">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/what-do-the-status-indicator-leds-indicate-the-status-of Forum:What do the status indicator LEDs indicate the status of?]</ref><ref name="OKGreen">[[RPi_schematic_errata]]</ref><ref name="Revision2.0">[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1959 RPiBlog Post: A nice shiny photo of the rev2 board – and User Guide news]</ref>:<br />
** D5(Green) - SDCard Access (via GPIO16) - labelled as "OK" on Model B Rev1.0 boards and "ACT" on Model B Rev2.0 and Model A boards<br />
** D6(Red) - 3.3 V Power - labelled as "PWR" on all boards<br />
** D7(Green) - Full Duplex (LAN) '''(Model B)''' - labelled as "FDX" on all boards<br />
** D8(Green) - Link/Activity (LAN) '''(Model B)''' - labelled as "LNK" on all boards<br />
** D9(Yellow) - 10/100Mbit (LAN) '''(Model B)''' - labelled (incorrectly) as "10M" on Model B Rev1.0 boards and "100" on Model B Rev2.0 and Model A boards<br />
<br />
* Board size: <del>85.60 mm x 53.98 mm.</del> Overall height expected to be less than 25 mm. <ref name="artwork">http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/344</ref> Production boards measure 85.0 mm x 56.0 mm.<br />
** A Model B between the highest points (USB connector to card slot) measured 21 mm.<br />
** A Model A between the highest points (composite video connector to card slot) measured 18mm.<br />
* Weight: under 40 g?<br />
** Alpha board weighs approx. 55 g.<ref>http://www.raspberrypi.org/?page_id=43&mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=285.0</ref><br />
** A sample model B weighed 39.45 g.<br />
* 6 layer PCB <ref name="artwork" /><br />
<br />
==Schematic / Layout==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/raspberry1.png PCB screenshot, Alpha board]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/gerbers2.png PCB screenshot rev 1.0]<br />
* [http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-uO4l8pwSLvU/TsQGbth6x6I/AAAAAAAAAkk/5zQMH3uKPiE/s829/Boardlayout.png PCB screenshot rev 1.0, labelled version]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/psu.png Preliminary power supply schematic, Beta board]<br />
* [http://elinux.org/File:RPi-Front-JPB.jpg High-resolution Model B PCB front photo, production board rev 1.0]<br />
* [http://elinux.org/File:RPi-back-JPB.jpg High-resolution Model B PCB back photo, production board rev 1.0]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/sony-rasp-pi.jpg High-resolution Model B PCB front photo, production board rev 2.0]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/2012-11-29-14.48.47-HDR.jpg High-resolution Model A PCB front photo, production board rev 2.0]<br />
* [http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/bare_pcb.xcf GIMP project containing properly aligned versions of the high-res PCB photos and Gerbers on separate layers (117MB)]<br />
* [[Media:RPi beta xray.jpg|"Xray style" image of the beta board, created from the above GIMP project]] | [[RPi_xray_wallpapers|desktop wallpapers]]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Raspberry-Pi-Schematics-R1.0.pdf Official Rev 1.0 schematics PDF] | [http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Raspberry-Pi-R2.0-Schematics-Issue2.2_027.pdf Official Rev 2.0 schematics PDF] | [[RPi_schematic_differences|differences]] | [[RPi_schematic_errata|errata]] | [[RPi_schematics_breakdown|breakdown]] | [[RPi_Partial_BOM_Rev2.0_ModelB|partial BOM]]<br />
* [http://www.andrewscheller.co.uk/rpi_pcb_modules.html 'Module groups' of the PCB photos]<br />
<br />
==Power==<br />
<br />
The board takes fixed 5V input, (with the 1V2 core voltage generated directly from the input using the internal switch-mode supply on the BCM2835 die). <br />
This permits adoption of the micro USB form factor, which, in turn, prevents the user from inadvertently plugging in out-of-range power inputs; that would be dangerous, since the 5V would go straight to HDMI and output USB ports, even though the problem should be mitigated by some protections applied to the input power: The board provides a polarity protection diode, a voltage clamp, and a self-resetting semiconductor fuse.<br />
<br />
Premier Farnell recommend the following power supplies:<br />
* Model A: 5V dc, 500-700mA<br />
* Model B: 5V dc, 700-1500mA<br />
<br />
Power consumption of the Raspberry Pi device is<br />
<br />
* Board A: 5V, 500 mA (2.5W) '''without any devices connected''' (e.g. USB, Ethernet, HDMI)<br />
* Board B: 5V, 700 mA (3.5W) '''without any devices connected''' (e.g. USB, Ethernet, HDMI) (Is this correct? These [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/troubleshooting/usb-hub-sending-power-to-raspberry-pi-through-usb-port/#p68382] links [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/raspberry-pi-power-requirements/page-2/#p68224] suggest that the 700mA is only required if "using networking and high-current USB peripherals" [http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/260].)<br />
<br />
You will need to provide a power supply that can provide enough current to power the device plus any connected peripherals, and taking into account inefficiencies of the supply itself and the cable between the power supply and Raspberry Pi. The community advises opting for a power supply that can supply at least 1A if using USB peripherals or Pi plates that draw more than a few tens of milliamps of current.<br />
<br />
*As the 5V rail is brought out in the [[Rpi_Low-level_peripherals | GPIO pins]], you can power the Rpi from there too. You should mind however, that those are ''behind'' the power protection circuitry, so you should provide your own.<br />
* It is possible to power the Rpi from a powered USB hub the Rpi controls, but only on 'dumb' devices, that allow the port to supply the full current without waiting for the usb device to ask for it[http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/power-pi-from-usb-hub-connected-to-pi]. As the power input of the Rpi doesn't have its data leads connected, there is no chance for a communication loop of some sorts.<br />
* POE ([[wikipedia:Power_over_Ethernet|power over ethernet]]) is currently not available for the Rpi (but nobody stops you from taking your soldering iron and doing it yourself - mind though that the Ethernet jack on the board is a 'magjack' - http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Prototyping/MagJack.pdf - which means that the usual 'dumb or passive PoE' power pins 47 and 78 are *not* wired through to the board. So this is not an entirely trivial exercise).<br />
* Back-Powering; (powering the Raspberry Pi from a USB hub through the uplink/data port, single cable) Back powering is possible on the Raspberry Pi, but not advisable. Revision 1.0 boards have to be modified to back power, this is due to the 140ma "polyfuses" that are installed in the USB port circuit. Revision 1.1 boards do not need modifications to back-power, they have replaced the polyfuses with 0ohm resistors in their place. Revision 2.0 boards do not need modification, they have neither resistors nor polyfuses. It is advised that short (12" (.3 meter) or less) USB cables be used for back-powering a Raspberry Pi. Cable resistance plus connector resistance can quickly reduce operating voltages below the proper range(5.25V to 4.75V). But do note that if you do not power the PI in the "official manner", that is through it's micro-USB port, but use any alternative way (such as through the GPIO header, the test points TP1 and TP2), but also by back-powering it, '''you are actually bypassing the PI's input polyfuse protection device!''' This can have extreme consequences if ever you manage to put more than 6V on the PI, even for a very short period. As this causes the overvoltage device D17 on the the PI to trigger and short the 5V supply! Without the polyfuse limiting the current through D17, it will burn out, probably melting the PI's enclosure with it, (if you have any) and possibly causing a fire-hazard. It will probably also create a permanent short of the 5V supply! So be warned, and if you use back power make sure your hub or its PSU has a fuse to prevent this from happening. If not, add your own fuse.<br />
<br />
===Power Supply Problems===<br />
<br />
There have been a number of problems reported that seem to be caused by inadequate power, this is an attempt to explain what is needed and the consequences of not having enough power.<br />
<br />
The power required by the Pi will vary depending on how busy it is and what peripherals are connected.<br />
* Running a GUI will take more power.<br />
* The USB devices and Ethernet connection will take power.<br />
* Running the GPU will take extra power.<br />
<br />
This means that it's difficult to say exactly how much power is needed. People have reported current requirements of between 300mA and 550mA. But it could in reality take more, especially for short periods. A simple multimeter will not show short surges on the power requirement. A surge in the power requirement for a few milliseconds will not be detectable by a meter but will be enough to cause problems.<br />
If the board does not get enough power the voltage will drop. If it drops enough parts of the system will run unreliably because data can get corrupted. The USB IC runs on 5V and handles the USB and Ethernet ports so it's likely that this will be the first thing to fail. Problems seen are unreliable Ethernet connection and unreliable operation of the Keyboard and/or mouse. <br />
<br />
Each of the two USB ports on the Pi has a polyfuse rated at 140 mA, so any connected USB devices should draw less than this amount of current. In addition the polyfuse will cause a significant voltage drop, so that USB devices get less voltage than is available on the RPI itself, sometimes up to half a volt less (maybe more if the fuse has recently been hot). For regular "low power" USB devices this doesn't cause a problem as they are designed to work with voltages as low as 4.4 Volt. This isn't the case however with some USB devices such as WiFi dongles which may need 4.75 Volt, and are also known to draw more than 150 mA when configured and active. Because of the problems these polyfuses caused Raspberry PI's produced after August 25, 2012 have the USB polyfuses F1 & F2 removed (replaced with shorts).<br />
<br />
The microUSB input port also has a 1.1 A polyfuse (700mA "hold current") which may also have enough resistance (although much smaller than the 140mA fuses) to cause a significant voltage drop on the board, even below its 1.1 A total current.<br />
<br />
A extended explanation of the consequences of the use of these polyfuses can be found here [[Polyfuses explained]]<br />
<br />
There are several reasons why the power to the board may be inadequate:<br />
* The PSU may not deliver enough power. Although the maximum power requirement is said to be 700mA, that is with no peripherals connected (USB, Ethernet etc), so a 1000mA PSU should be regarded as a minimum. This allows some leeway in case the power supply cannot deliver its full power without the voltage dropping.<br />
* The PSU is not regulated.<br />
* The cable connecting the PSU to the Pi may not be good. People have reported cables with 4 ohms resistance on the power connections. At 500mA drain this would reduce a 5V supply to 3V.<br />
* If the PSU is unregulated it can also output too high a voltage, which may trigger the overvoltage device in the PI, which will temporarily short the 5V to ground, this will then "blow" polyfuse F3, which will take several days to recover from. Meanwhile (possibly with another PSU) the PI might not get enough power because the (partly) blown polyfuse is consuming some of the power. The solution is when this happens to ways a few days to give the polyfuse time to recover before attempting to use the better PSU. If you suspect a blow polyfuse, measure the voltage across F3, which should be less than 0.05 Volt.<br />
<br />
====How Can I tell if the power supply is inadequate?====<br />
<br />
Common symptoms of an inadequate power supply are<br />
* Unreliable Ethernet or keyboard operation, especially if it's OK at first but not when the GUI is started.<br />
* SD card errors at start up seems to be another symptom of poor power.<br />
<br />
If you think you have a problem with your power supply, it is a good idea to check the actual voltage<br />
on the Raspberry Pi circuit board. Two test points labelled TP1 and TP2 are provided on the circuit board<br />
to facilitate voltage measurements.<br />
<br />
Use a multimeter which is set to the range 20 volts DC (or 20v =). You should see a voltage between 4.75 and 5.25 volts. Anything outside this range indicates that you have a problem with your power supply or your power cable, or the input polyfuse F3. Anything inside, but close to the limits, of this range ''may'' indicate a problem.<br />
<br />
[[File:RPI_Test_Points.JPG|400px]] [[File:Voltmeter.JPG|250px]]<br />
<br />
====Things that can cause problems====<br />
* A USB connection on a TV or PC. The USB power supply specification is for up to 500mA and if the TV implements this then it can cause problems. The system may work initially but be unreliable because as it becomes more active the power requirement increases.<br />
* A single supply from a powered hub. Most hubs seem to deliver more than the specified current but there's no guarantee. Check the power supply rating, it must be enough to supply everything that's connected to the hub.<br />
* A power supply that is rated for less than 700mA may work some of the time.<br />
* Adding a USB hard disk drive. A HDD will take quite a lot of power as it starts, maybe an amp or more. It the power supply for this also supplies the Pi then this could overload things and cause trouble.<br />
* Some complex keyboards have been reported to take a considerable amount of power, maybe up to 500mA. The Pi cannot deliver this amount of power. Simpler budget keyboards may be better. If the system works with no keyboard attached but not with a keyboard then it's worth trying a different, simpler, keyboard.<br />
<br />
====Summary====<br />
<br />
* If you are having unreliable operation the first thing to do is check your power supply.<br />
* Start with a good quality regulated power supply that is rated to provide 5V and at least 1A (1000mA).<br />
* Use a good quality micro USB cable. Cables are notorious for giving trouble so be prepared to swap for another one.<br />
* Not all power supplies will deliver what they claim.<br />
<br />
===Capacitor C6===<br />
Behind the microUSB power connector on the Model B is a metallic grey component called a capacitor, marked as C6. This capacitor helps stabilise the DC power on the board, but for some it has also become a place for their thumb when removing the RPI's power lead; unfortunately, this can result in the capacitor breaking off! It has been stated in the forums that the type of capacitor used for C6 will be changed on later RPi models for one with sturdier leads. If you do break off your C6 capacitor, it's highly likely that your RPi will still work properly, unless you have a particularly unstable power supply, but the general advice is to not use C6 as a leverage point when removing the power connector and also take care when storing or transporting your RPi if it's not fitted in a case - try not to stow the board where C6 could be knocked by other items - for example in a laptop carry case or in amongst some books.<br />
[[File:Rpic6.jpg|300px|thumb|center|Capacitor C6 (ringed)]]<br />
<br />
It's unlikely that replacing a broken off C6 capacitor will be covered under warranty, but fortunately they are easy to replace if you have average [http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/1494 soldering skills], but remember that reworking your RPi will void its warranty too. C6 is a surface mount electrolytic capacitor with a capacitance of 220 microfarad (μF) and a voltage rating of 16 volt (V). The capacitor is polarised and so must be fitted the right way round - notice the black marking on one side in the picture above. A replacement capacitor can be purchased from numerous sources - for example:<br />
<br />
[http://uk.farnell.com/jsp/search/browse.jsp?N=202457+110114112+110119850+110141127+110200576&No=0&getResults=true&appliedparametrics=true&locale=en_UK&divisionLocale=en_UK&catalogId=&skipManufacturer=false&skipParametricAttributeId=&prevNValues=202457+110114112+110119850+110141127&mm=1000002|110114112|110114112,1001880|110119850|110119850,1002520||,1002063||,1002999||,&filtersHidden=false&appliedHidden=false&autoApply=true&originalQueryURL=%2Fjsp%2Fsearch%2Fbrowse.jsp%3FN%3D202457%26No%3D0%26getResults%3Dtrue%26appliedparametrics%3Dtrue%26locale%3Den_UK%26divisionLocale%3Den_UK%26catalogId%3D%26skipManufacturer%3Dfalse%26skipParametricAttributeId%3D%26prevNValues%3D202457 Farnell]<br />
<br />
[http://www.rapidonline.com/Electronic-Components/220uf-16v-85deg-Smd-Electro-Capacitor-11-2264 Rapid Electronics]<br />
<br />
[http://uk.rs-online.com/web/c/passives/capacitors/aluminium/?sort-by=default&sort-order=default&applied-dimensions=4294884868,%204294884170,%204294672278,4294885140&lastAttributeSelectedBlock=4294955811 RS Components]<br />
<br />
<br />
If you prefer to make your own PSU - see: [[RPi_5V_PSU_construction| Power Supply construction - HowTo]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
{{Template:Raspberry Pi}}</div>Ryanteckhttps://elinux.org/index.php?title=RPi_Hub&diff=176420RPi Hub2012-10-04T14:08:53Z<p>Ryanteck: /* Supporting Communities */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOC right}}<br />
{{Hub Flags}} <!-- please edit template to alter banner and flag display on all hubs --><br />
{{Clear}}<br />
<div style="margin:0; margin-top:10px; margin-right:10px; border:1px solid #f80033; padding:0 1em 1em 1em; background-color:#cd5555; align:right; width:50%;"><br />
<font color="ffffff">Notice: The Raspberry Pi Wiki pages on this site is collaborative work - the Raspberry Pi Foundation is '''not''' responsible for content on these pages.</font><br />
</div><br />
<br />
== I need help with... ==<br />
=== Buying a new Raspberry Pi ===<br />
Please visit the [[RPi Model Wizard|Model Wizard]] to select your Raspberry Pi.<br />
<br />
=== Booting an OS onto my Raspberry Pi ===<br />
Please visit the [[RPi OS Wizard|OS Wizard]] to select your Raspberry Pi OS distribution, or if you'd like to compare the OS distros, visit [[RPi Distributions|OS Distributions]] page to select an OS to boot onto your Raspberry Pi.<br />
<br />
== Now shipping to customers ==<br />
<!--<br />
<br />
HIDING PREVIOUS STUFF:<br />
<br />
Premier Farnell and RS Components have started shipping to customers. Congratulations to those at the front of the queue!.<br />
Work is ongoing to clear the backlog of orders, with both distributors now manufacturing them in serial production. Farnell/Element14 have stated that all people worldwide who ordered their Raspberry Pi through them on or before April 18th should receive theirs by the end of June.<br />
Update: In the US, on 2012 July 24, Newark/Element 14 is quoting five weeks and Allied is still quoting 12 weeks. An order placed by Rick Seiden on July 19, 2012 at Newark/Element 14 shipped July 31, 2012, indicating a less than five week wait time.<br />
<br />
--><br />
Now, it's September. We've come a far way! The average shipping time is now '''2 days'''. Woo hoo!<br />
<br />
Don't have an idea on which to buy? Use the [[RPi Model Wizard|Model Wizard]] to select your Raspberry Pi!<br />
<br />
See the [[RPi Buying Guide|Buying Guide]] on how to order one, or visit the [http://www.raspberrypi.org Raspberry Pi Foundation Home Page]<br />
<br />
== About ==<br />
[[File:RpiFront.jpg|300px|thumb|right|The Raspberry Pi production board (model B Rev 2.0)]]<br />
<br />
The Raspberry Pi (short: RPi or RasPi) is an ultra-low-cost ($25-$35) credit-card sized Linux computer which was conceived with the primary goal of teaching computer programming to children. It was developed by the [http://www.raspberrypi.org Raspberry Pi Foundation], which is a UK registered charity (Registration Number 1129409). The foundation exists to promote the study of computer science and related topics, especially at school level, and to put the fun back into learning computing. The device is expected to have many other applications both in the developed and the developing world ([[RPi_Philosophy|Read more]]).<br />
<br />
Raspberry Pi is manufactured and sold in partnership with the worldwide industrial distributors [http://www.farnell.com/ Premier Farnell/Element 14] and [http://rswww.com/ RS Components].<br />
<br />
* You can get the latest news from the [http://www.raspberrypi.org Foundation Home Page], the [http://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=Raspberry_Pi Twitter Feed] or in the [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/news-articles-and-blog-posts-about-raspberry-pi forums].<br />
* For Raspberry Pi frequently asked questions see the [[RPi FAQ|FAQ section]] or the [http://www.raspberrypi.org/?page_id=8 Raspberry Pi Foundation's FAQ] page.<br />
* Both manufacturing partners provide community areas for more technically focused discussions, articles, FAQs and related information:<br />
:* Premier Farnell: [http://www.element14.com/community/groups/raspberry-pi?view=discussions Element 14 Raspberry Pi Group]<br />
:* RS-Components: [http://www.designspark.com/theme/raspberrypi DesignSpark - Raspberry Pi]<br />
* Products are RoHS, CE, FCC, CTick, CSA and WEEE compliant<ref>http://www.element14.com/community/docs/DOC-44828/l/raspberry-pi-safety-data-sheet</ref>. In common with all Electronic and Electrical products the Raspberry Pi should not be disposed of in household waste. Please contact the distributor from whom you purchased your Raspberry Pi device for details regarding WEEE in your country.<br />
* Price: 25USD Model A, 35USD for Model B, excluding taxes, postage and packaging. For information about availability and shipping see the [[RPi Buying Guide | Buying Guide]].<br />
<br />
<br />
=== History ===<br />
* Confused about seeing different versions of the board? Visit the [[Rpi HardwareHistory | History of the Raspberry Pi Hardware]] for information about the past versions.<br />
<br />
* RegHardware's very detailed analysis is [http://www.reghardware.com/2011/11/28/raspberry_pi/ well worth a read]. Wikipedia also has [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi an entry].<br />
<br />
* Russell Davis (aka forum admin ukscone) has a series of blog articles recording his perspective of the [http://russelldavis.org/2012/01/14/the-raspberry-pi-part-one/ Raspberry Pi story] in several parts from the beginning.<br />
<br />
* You will often hear mention of the BBC Micro Computer when people talk about the purpose of the Raspberry Pi Foundation. See this article on the [http://www.reghardware.com/2011/11/30/bbc_micro_model_b_30th_anniversary/ history of the BBC Micro Computer].<br />
<br />
* Here's a video from the Financial Times, with three different groups evaluating the raspberry pi: http://video.ft.com/v/1498254373001/Taste-testing-the-Raspberry-Pi (March 2012)<br />
<br />
== Getting Started ==<br />
{| border="1" style="background:transparent;"<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa;" |<br />
=== [[Buying RPi|Buying Guide]] ===<br />
----<br />
The [[RPi Model Wizard|Model Wizard]] will help you select your model to buy.<br />
----<br />
Where can I get one and for how much?<br />
* The Raspberry Pi can no longer only be purchased via their official distribution partners - detailed information can be found on the [[Buying RPi | RPi Buying Guide]] page.<br />
<br />
* Additional accessories, peripherals and merchandise will also be available through the [http://www.raspberrypi.com/ Raspberry Pi Shop], aswell as [http://thepihut.com/ The Pi Hut's Raspberry Pi Store]<br />
<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa;" |<br />
<br />
=== [[RPi Hardware Basic Setup|Basic Setup]] ===<br />
----<br />
First little Raspberry Pi Steps...<br />
* Ensure you have all the [[RPi Hardware Basic Setup#Typical_Hardware_You_Will_Need |equipment]] you need to go with your Raspberry Pi.<br />
* Become familiar with the [[RPi Hardware Basic Setup#Connecting_Together | board layout and connect]] it ready for power up.<br />
* If you have not been provided with a pre-setup SD card you will need to prepare one with your chosen [[RPi_Easy_SD_Card_Setup | Operating System distribution]]<br />
* Note: On the Debian OS after you log in you need to type startx at the prompt to get a graphic desktop.<br />
* Particularly after first boot its important to do a clean shurtdown with the command '''sudo halt'''<br />
<br />
* '''Having problems? Try the [http://elinux.org/R-Pi_Troubleshooting Troubleshooting] page.'''<br />
<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa;" |<br />
<br />
=== [[RPi Beginners|Beginners Guide]] ===<br />
----<br />
You've just got your new Raspberry Pi device - what now?<br />
* [[RPi Beginners|Beginners Guide]]<br />
<br />
* Learn about the basics with the [http://h2g2.com/dna/h2g2/A13735596 H2G2 - Introducing the Raspberry Pi] entry.<br />
<br />
* Get started with some basic projects and tutorials:<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/user/RaspberryPiTutorials Raspberry Pi YouTube Tutorials]<br /><br />
[http://www.youtube.com/user/RaspberryPiBeginners Another set of video tutorials]<br />
<br />
[[RPi Tutorial Easy GPIO Hardware & Software|Easy GPIO Hardware & Software]] - in-progress at the moment<br />
Example projects/tuts which can be linked from here<br />
(or from within a beginners guide page perhaps):<br />
Setup XBMC media centre<br />
Programming tutorials (Liams YouTube etc)<br />
Easy GPIO (when complete or similar thing).<br />
Also links to some basic linux user guides.<br />
<br />
* Take a look through the [[R-Pi_Hub#Community|Community]] section, which contains a range of beginner and advanced tutorials and guides, as well as groups to help you find like-minded developers.<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Resources ==<br />
{| border="1" style="background:transparent;"<br />
<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa; padding-left:5px;" |<br />
<br />
=== [[RPi Hardware|Hardware]] & [[RPi VerifiedPeripherals|Peripherals]] ===<br />
----<br />
<br />
* The Model B is more advanced than the Model A - see [[RPi Hardware]].<br />
* The RPi can be plugged into a [[RPi Screens|suitable TV or monitor]].<br />
* The unit will support a range of [[RPi VerifiedPeripherals |devices, peripherals and accessories]].<br />
* The [[Rpi Low-level peripherals| Low-level interfaces]] allow the use of optional [[RPi Expansion Boards|Expansion Boards]] in a wide range of projects.<br />
* For more advanced issues including see [[RPi Advanced Setup|Advanced Setup]].<br />
* [[RPi Peripherals|Setting up peripherals - examples/HowTos]]<br />
* [[RaspberryPi Boards|List of boards and user feedback]]<br />
* [[RPi 5V PSU construction|Power Supply construction - HowTo]]<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa; padding-left:5px;" |<br />
<br />
=== [[Rpi_Software|Software]] & [[RPi_Distributions|OS Distributions]] ===<br />
----<br />
The Raspberry Pi will run a range of OS Distributions and run a variety of software.<br />
* See [[RPi Software|Software]] for an overview, and [[RPi Distributions|OS Distributions]] for supported operating system and pre-configured 'images'.<br />
*Main OS distributions include [[RPi Distributions#Debian_ARM | Debian ARM]], [[RPi Distributions#Fedora | Fedora]], [[RPi Distributions#KidsRuby | KidsRuby]] and [http://puppylinux.org/wikka/Puppi Puppi] from Puppy Linux.<br />
*Advice is also available if you want to [[Rpi_kernel_compilation|compile a kernel]] or [[RPi_Performance|test the Pi's performance]].<br />
*The Raspberry Pi supports a wide range of [[RPi Programming|programming languages]], with many tutorials available.<br />
*Information about installing specific [[RPi_applications|applications]] is available through the link.<br />
*Extensive (boot) configuration info (config.txt) is available [[RPi_config.txt|here]].<br />
*Monitor your Raspberry Pi with Raspcontrol [[Raspcontrol|here]]<br />
<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa; padding-left:5px;" |<br />
<br />
=== [[RPi Documentation|Documentation]] ===<br />
----<br />
Documentation relating to the Raspberry Pi can be found [[RPi Documentation|here]].<br />
<br />
[[RPi DatasheetCategories|Frambozenier.org Documentation Project Datasheets]]<br />
<br />
Example documents which can be linked from here (or sub page):<br />
Official Datasheets<br />
White Papers<br />
User Manuals<br />
Recommended books (perhaps)<br />
<br />
=== RPi Troubleshooting ===<br />
<br />
Head over to the [[R-Pi Troubleshooting|troubleshooting page]] for help fixing common problems.<br />
<br />
=== RPi Bugs ===<br />
<br />
Head over to the [[RPi_Bugs|bugs page]] for a list of known bugs.<br />
<br />
=== RPi Model B 3D CAD files ===<br />
Theses are various 3D CAD Versions in both RAR and ZIP.<br />
<br />
* CATIA V5 RAR http://sdrv.ms/JqdhMb<br />
* CATIA V5 ZIP http://sdrv.ms/LjyLGD<br />
* ProE RAR http://sdrv.ms/KCv1hZ<br />
* ProE ZIP http://sdrv.ms/KCvhxq<br />
* STEP RAR http://sdrv.ms/KCvv7T<br />
* STEP ZIP http://sdrv.ms/JMhv18<br />
* SketchUp http://scc.jezmckean.com/item/581<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Community ==<br />
{| border="1" style="background:transparent;"<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa; padding-left:5px;" |<br />
<br />
=== [[RPi Projects|Projects]], [[RPi Guides|Guides]] & [[RPi Tutorials|Tutorials]] ===<br />
----<br />
*An important source of information and guides is the [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum Official Forum].<br />
*Knowledgeable users may want to review and help out with the [[RPi Tasks |Tasks page]].<br />
*Get started by following some of the many [[RPi Tutorials | Tutorials]].<br />
*Common tasks and useful tips are available through the [[RPi Guides | Guides page]]. <br />
*Projects can be found, and added to, on the [[RPi Projects |Projects page]].<br />
<br />
<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa; padding-left:5px;" |<br />
<br />
=== [[RPi Education|Schools, Universities, Clubs & Groups]] ===<br />
----<br />
*The Raspberry Pi Foundation's aims include encouraging education. Several groups including [http://www.computingatschool.org.uk/ Computing At School] aim to bring Computing Science back into schools.<br />
*Go to the [[Rpi Education|Education Page]] to add your project and find helpful links.<br />
<br />
| style="width:33%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid #aaa; padding-left:5px;" |<br />
=== [[RPi Community|Supporting Communities]] ===<br />
----<br />
The [[RPi Community|Raspberry Pi Community]] is steadily growing: <br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum The Official Raspberry Pi Forum]<br />
* [http://www.element14.com/community/groups/raspberry-pi?view=discussions Element 14 Raspberry Pi Group], community site of Premier Farnell<br />
* [http://www.designspark.com/theme/raspberrypi DesignSpark], community site of RS-Components<br />
* [http://www.frambozenbier.org/index.php/ 'Frambozenbier' (Raspberry Pi Homebrew)]<br />
* [http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/ Stack Exchange Forum]<br />
* [http://www.raspberrymod.com/ Raspberrymod] and [http://www.raspberrypiforums.com/forum RPiforums] Un-Official Raspberry Pi Discussion Boards<br />
* [http://www.raspberrypi-spanish.es Non-official community of Raspberry Pi in spanish language]<br />
* [http://www.worldofpi.com/ World Of Pi] A forum based on all things Raspberry Pi.<br />
* [[RPi Community Magazine]] - User contributed eMagazine, get involved!<br />
* [[RaspberryPi Osdev]] - Hardware specific OS-development community, sitting in freenode.net#raspberrypi-osdev.<br />
* [http://www.rastrack.co.uk/ Rastrack] - A Map of people who would like to display that they have a Raspberry Pi<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== About the RPi Wiki ==<br />
'''Do not be afraid to add your bit, content is vital for the wiki to function.'''<br />
<br />
[[File:Rasp_turn_around.gif|200px|thumb|right|A 3D rendering of the Raspberry Pi logo<!--by forum user Antario. [http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/projects-and-collaboration-general/raspberry-pi-3d-logo-animation Source]-->]]<br />
We are governed by the [[Project:RPi_Council|RPi Wiki Council]] (RPWC). New guidelines not made by Ghans alone are currently being drafted. As the RPi wiki is currently a wreck, the council's current goal is to clean up the RPi Wiki!<br />
<br />
=== Translations ===<br />
<br />
The wiki is being translated into several languages, some of which can be seen on the hub banner above. Current languages include:<br />
<br />
* English: [[R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* French: [[FR:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* German: [[DE:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* Greek: [[EL:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* Hungarian: [[HU:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* Japanese: [[JP:R-Pi_Hub]]<br />
* Polish: [[PL:R-Pi_Hub]]<br />
* Portugese: [[pt-BR:Raspberry Pi Board]]<br />
* Romanian: [[RO:R-Pi_Hub]]<br />
* Russian: [[RU:RaspberryPiBoard]]<br />
* Українська: [[UA:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* Spanish: [[ES:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* Italiano: [[IT:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* Chinese:[[CH:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* Hebrew:[[HE:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
* 한국어:[[KR:R-Pi Hub]]<br />
<br />
Any help translating would be greatly appreciated. Thank you to those who have already contributed!<br />
<br />
=== Admins/Contributors ===<br />
The wiki is governed by the [[Project:RPi_Council|Raspberry Pi Wiki Council]].<br />
<br />
= References =<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{Template:Raspberry Pi}}<br />
[[Category:RaspberryPi]]</div>Ryanteck