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EARLY PROOF VERSION OF THIS PAGE
 
  
= m68ec0x0idp, dream, history, project =
 
 
http://www.netbsd.org/docs/Hardware/Chips/Motorola/
 
 
I bought "BYTE magazine September 1987"; there is a sweet article about 68k & unix.
 
 
[[Image:byte68k.jpg]]
 
 
Today MOTOROLA semiconductor group is sold to Freescale. The so called "company evolution" .... Happened at the end of 2004. When Motorola was running the semiconductors desk, i was provided this IDP board as "68k learner". Since 1999 i have been looking around for the board that i'd like to develop in my lowest priority free time. She eats 2.5A, so at 5V that means 13Watt .... this because she has a lot of fun and troubles
 
 
 
== m68k OS ==
 
 
=== 1985: Terra Nova Communications: OS design ===
 
 
Created real-time multiuser OS for dialup conferencing. Kernel source published in Dr. Dobb's Journal (1/86). Innovative interface inspired hundreds of similar systems. One of the first tree-structured BBS systems. 68K asm, multitasking kernel, custom memory manager, custom disk I/O manager, custom serial drivers.
 
 
<pre>
 
;
 
;      Terra Nova Communications multi-tasking kernel
 
;      Initialization and task-switcher
 
;
 
;      Note: this is not intended to be a complete listing.  It's only
 
;      a sample of some of the techniques used in our system.
 
;
 
 
                PSECT  Kernel
 
     
 
;              External symbols (defined in other code segments)
 
                EXTERN  VecTable, ;vector table for hardware vector list
 
                        JMPTable,      ;jump table for system calls
 
                        JMPTabLen,      ;length of jump table in longwords
 
                        KernEnd,        ;end of kernel code item in heap
 
                        IOInit,  ;our private I/O initialization routine
 
                        HeapInit,      ;our private heap initialization
 
                        SysInit,        ;system variable initializer
 
                        SysConMon,      ;entry point for system console
 
                                        ;monitor task
 
                        HeapMunger,    ;entry point for heap munger task
 
                        DiskMunger      ;entry point for disk munger task
 
 
;              Entry points in this module (referenced from elsewhere)
 
                ENTRY  Start,    ;primary entry point to boot our OS
 
                        ConSwitch,      ;main context switcher
 
                        ConSwSleep      ;alternate context switcher (puts
 
                                        ;calling task to sleep)
 
 
;              Include files (mostly equates)
 
                INCLUDE SysEqu      ;contains the low-memory absolute
 
                                        ;address equates (jump table, etc)
 
                INCLUDE HeapDef    ;defines the heap data structure
 
                INCLUDE SysIO        ;contains hardware I/O equates
 
 
;              Miscellaneous storage
 
CodeHeap        DS.L    8      ;heap header for kernel heap item
 
StackEnd        DS.L    40    ;system stack before tasking starts
 
StackBegin      DS.L  0  ;top of startup stack area
 
 
;              Pre-tasking initialization
 
;              this code works in single-task mode
 
;              prior to the invocation of the context switcher
 
Start        ;Initial entry.  Calling operating system is still
 
                      ;alive and kicking at this point.
 
TakeOver        LEA    ReEntry,A1  ;point to re-entry instruction
 
                MOVE.L  A1,$20.W  ;move short absolute to the vector
 
                                        ;for privilege exceptions
 
                MOVE    USP,A0            ;try a privileged instruction.  If it
 
                        ;works, then we're in priv. mode. If not, then trap to
 
                      ;ReEntry and be in privileged mode anyway
 
ReEntry  LEA      StackBegin,A7 ;set up initial stack
 
 
;              Turn off all interrupts in the system
 
;              Note: this is device-specific code.
 
;              The labels in the operand fields are from our own
 
;              SysIO include file.
 
                CLR.B  FDCIntMask ;clear floppy disk & system console
 
                CLR.B  HDIntMask  ;clear hard disk completion int. mask
 
                CLR.B  SerIO1IntMask      ;clear serial boards
 
                CLR.B  SerIO2IntMask
 
 
;              Initialize the vector table
 
;              Copy the vectors from an assembled table (in another module)
 
;              into the actual hardware vector list in low RAM
 
                LEA    VecTable,A0  ;source (in another code segment)
 
                LEA    $0.W,A1            ;destination (begins at $00 0000)
 
                MOVE    #191,D7          ;192 longwords to move
 
VecMove  MOVE.L  (A0)+,(A1)+        ;move a longword
 
                DBRA    D7,VecMove  ;repeat till done (fast loop on 68010)
 
 
;              Copy system routine JMP table from assembled object code (in
 
;              another module) to low memory jump table, where everyone
 
;              can get at them.
 
                LEA    JMPTable,A0  ;source
 
                LEA    System.W,A1  ;dest. (name of first system call in
 
                        ;the jump table.  "System" is from the SysEqu include
 
                      ;file.  It's the context switcher)
 
                MOVE    #JMPTabLen/4,D7    ;number of longwords to move
 
JPTMove  MOVE.L  (A0)+,(A1)+        ;move a longword
 
                DBRA    D7,JPTMove  ;repeat till done (fast loop on 68010)
 
 
;              Clear low memory to zero (between jmp table and kernel)
 
                LEA    StackEnd,A1  ;point to top of destination
 
                        ;and bottom of destination (end of the jump table)
 
                LEA    System+JMPTabLen.W,A0
 
                SUBA    A0,A1              ;calculate the length
 
                MOVE.L  A1,D7          ;move to D7 for counting
 
                LSR.L  #4,D7          ;divide by 16 for 16-byte blocks
 
LowClr    CLR.L    (A0)+                ;clear 16 bytes, quickly
 
                CLR.L  (A0)+
 
                CLR.L  (A0)+
 
                CLR.L  (A0)+
 
                DBRA    D7,LowClr  ;do it until done.
 
 
;              Clear high memory to zero (between kernel and end of RAM)
 
;              (RAMEnd is first byte beyond RAM, defined in SysEqu)
 
                LEA    RAMEnd,A1    ;point to top of destination
 
                        ;and bottom of destination (end of the jump table)
 
                LEA    KernEnd,A0
 
                SUBA    A0,A1              ;calc the length
 
                MOVE.L  A1,D7          ;move to D7 for counting
 
                LSR.L  #4,D7          ;divide by 16 for 16-byte blocks
 
HiClr      CLR.L      (A0)+  ;clear 16 bytes, quickly
 
                CLR.L  (A0)+
 
                CLR.L  (A0)+
 
                CLR.L  (A0)+
 
                DBRA    D7,HiClr    ;do it until done.
 
 
;              Initialize all of the primary I/O devices
 
;              Note: this is a device specific routine not treated in the article.
 
                JSR    IOInit
 
     
 
;              Initialize the heap
 
;              Note: this is a routine in the heap manager, which creates
 
;              valid heap headers for the three initial heap items discussed
 
;              in the text: the deletion below the kernel, the kernel code
 
;              item, and the deletion above the kernel.
 
                JSR    HeapInit
 
 
;              Initialize the system zone of low memory
 
;              Note: this sets up the TCB and master handle arrays, as
 
;              discussed in the text, as well as initializing the time of day
 
;              and the date and the other miscellaneous system values.
 
                JSR    SysInit
 
 
;              Spawn off the initial tasks
 
;              This will create TCBs and TData items for the tasks, but won't
 
;              invoke them.  They're invoked only by the context switcher.
 
                LEA    SysConMon,A0 ;point to system console entry point
 
                MOVE.L  #4096,D0  ;tell it how much RAM for TData
 
                JSR    Spawn                ;jump through jump table entry
 
                        ;("Spawn" is a jump table equate in SysEqu)
 
                LEA    HeapMunger,A0        ;spawn the heap munger
 
                MOVE.L  #512,D0      ;heap munger's TData size
 
                JSR    Spawn
 
                LEA    DiskMunger,A0        ;Spawn the disk munger
 
                MOVE.L  #8192,D0  ;(TData includes one disk buffer)
 
                JSR    Spawn
 
 
                LEA    TCB1.W,A2    ;get address of first TCB in array
 
                                        ;(TCB1 is defined in SysEqu)
 
                BRA.S  ConSw1          ;now start the context switcher!
 
 
;              Context Switcher: primary version
 
;              Simple task-switch, nothing fancy.
 
;              SysFlags is a low-RAM system flag byte, defined in SysEqu.
 
;              The data structure for the TData item is defined in SysEqu.
 
;              The data structure for the TCB is defined in SysEqu.
 
ConSwitch      BTST  #StopSys,SysFlags.W ;task switching inhibited?
 
                BNE.S  ConSwX          ;yes, exit back to caller
 
                MOVE.L  OurTCB(A5),A0    ;get TCB address from TData
 
                SUBA.L  A5,SP          ;subtract TData base addr from stack
 
                MOVE.L  SP,TCBSP(A0)      ;save relative displacement in TCB
 
 
                MOVE.L  TCBNxt(A0),A2    ;get address of next TCB
 
ConSw1    MOVE.L    TCBA5(A2),A5        ;get new TData base address
 
                MOVE.L  TCBSP(A2),SP      ;get stack relative displacement
 
                ADDA.L  A5,SP          ;restore absolute address
 
ConSwX    RTS                    ;return to next task
 
 
;              Context Switcher: alternate version
 
;              Put the calling task to sleep.
 
ConSwSleep      BTST  #StopSys,SysFlags.W ;task switching inhibited?
 
                BNE.S  ConSwX          ;yes, exit back to caller
 
                                        ;without going to sleep
 
                MOVE.L  OurTCB(A5),A0    ;get TCB address from TData
 
                SUBA.L  A5,SP          ;subtract TData base addr from stack
 
                MOVE.L  SP,TCBSP(A0)      ;save relative displacement in TCB
 
 
                MOVE.L  TCBNxt(A0),A2    ;get address of next TCB
 
                MOVE.L  TCBPrev(A0),A1    ;get addr of previous TCB
 
                MOVE.L  A2,TCBNxt(A1)    ;close the pointers around the now-
 
                MOVE.L  A1,TCBPrev(A2)    ;sleeping task.
 
                MOVE.B  #Sleep,TCBState(A0) ;mark it as asleep
 
 
                MOVE.L  TCBA5(A2),A5      ;get new TData base address
 
                MOVE.L  TCBSP(A2),SP      ;get stack relative displacement
 
                ADDA.L  A5,SP          ;restore absolute address
 
                RTS              ;return to next task
 
</pre>
 
 
=== 1987: "BYTE magazine September 1987, unix system design with m68k" ===
 
 
== the m68ec0x0idp board ==
 
 
About the motorola board the motorola board is "IDP68EC0x0" part number
 
 
[[Image:m68ec0xIDP-idea.jpg]]
 
 
On the board there are the following devices:
 
* MC68EC000 CPU module 12.5Mhz
 
* MC68EC060 CPU module 25Mhz
 
* MC68681 (dual uart)
 
* MC68230 (PIT port and timer)
 
* DS7 (display 7 segment)
 
* M48 (RTC)
 
* 2/8MByte DRAM
 
 
i'm working around this devices
 
* HD44780 (display 2x20 alphanumeric)
 
* T6969 (display graphics)
 
* I2C bus adapter PSX pad adapter
 
* IDE-HD adapter new desin keyboard (developped around apple-newton-kb and dreamcast-jappanese-kb)
 
 
on the board i'm running
 
 
* ucos/2 (it does not require a MMU, the 68EC000 has not, the 68060 has MMU and FPU)
 
 
== An image of the board ==
 
 
[[Image:m68ec0x0IDP.jpg]]
 
 
M68EC0x0 Integrated Development Platform version 3.1 July 1994
 
 
the board was made in 1992, and in 2002 costs $950, with a student reduce price i payed half the half: $250 ($90 surface shipping included) .
 
 
 
== expanding RAM ==
 
 
Unfortunately the board is equipped with 2Mbyte of DRAM that can be expanded to 8Mbyte with this obsolete DRAM-array 1Mx32 (4Mbytes) for a total of 8Mbyte on board
 
 
- MCM54400AZ70 - MCM524256AZ70 package 100 MIL ZIP -
 
 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ONLY ZIP PACKAGE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 
 
<pre>
 
MCM54400AZ70 ZIP pin assignments
 
 
 
* * * * * * * * * *
 
* * * * * * * * * *
 
 
 
1 = !G
 
2 = ! CAS
 
3 = DQ2
 
4 = DQ3
 
5 = Vss
 
6 = DQ0
 
7 = DQ1
 
8 = !W
 
9 = !RAS
 
10 = A9
 
11 = A0
 
12 = A1
 
13 = A2
 
14 = A3
 
15 = Vcc
 
16 = A4
 
17 = A5
 
18 = A6
 
19 = A7
 
20 = A8
 
</pre>
 
 
== adding a peripheral: I/O module ==
 
 
The board has 6 x 16Mb addressable IDP buses: if the user wants to make a I/O module, the user should contact Motorola by writing to the address listed in "bus timing"
 
 
* bus timing for information on M68EC0x0IDP bus timing, write the following adrress: Motorola High-Performance MPU division ATTN:
 
 
<pre>
 
IDP Technical Support Mail Stop OE-33 6501 William Cannon Drive West
 
Austin Texas 78735-8598 USA hi
 
</pre>
 
 
=== clock sync ===
 
 
mc88915 or mc88916 is required in order to sync the module clock to the master clock
 
 
=== fsm ===
 
 
the IDP bus requires a complex protocol, so a fsm machine is required in order to handle it: a cpld is fine for that
 
 
=== dynamic bus sizer ===
 
 
the IDP bus is 32bit, "mc68150" is a "dynamic bus sizer" chip made by Motorola for MC68040/MC68060: it may be a solution when you have a 32bit cpu and 8bit peripherals
 
 
== proof ==
 
 
our motorola 68xxx dev board has a synch.bus.It can be handled only by a Finite State Machine (FSM) so we first look for a low cost CPLD/FPGA solution. too expensive, too much complicate. So now the project is based on a RAM-tiny-FSM: 4 input, 4 output, 16 states. The RAM is loaded with the bytestream at the boottime by a PIC that copy an I2C_EEPROM into the RAM. The project consists on the compiler (that make the bytestream image to be loaded to the eeprom, from a simil-C source) and the little board. I estimated that this TINY-FSM is able to work with a clock up to 25Mhz using old PC cache (15 ns) If you are interested we can collaborate about this project, about the hardware and about the software developping. Hello Adrian, It is nice to hear from you. I am glad that the 680x0 books I sent you are useful in your project. > i'm planning to develop a ROM/RAM tiny file-system What type of file system is this? Is it based on an existing file system such as MS-DOS, or something completely new? I have an interest in file systems, that is why I ask. FYI, the UCSD Pascal system has a very simple file system that support a fixed number of files (77). The file system is just a very simple array of file entries. Each file entry has a fixed width format similar to: file name (length byte + name characters) file type file creation date file modification date starting block ending block > the shell is ready as beta. > Would you like to try it under windows ? if so it will recompiled for > 80386 as a normal dos program. I would like to try this. Please compile for windows and let me know how to get it. Concerning the 680x0 IDP, try the following internet sites, they may have some information about this board's bus: http://www.faqs.org/faqs/motorola/68k-chips-faq/ http://archive.comlab.ox.ac.uk/cards/m68kfaq.html > a friend of mine went to Santa FE last weeks He should have contacted me, that would be fun. I live in Santa Fe in the north part. I have been here for about 10 years. Ciao >Subject: Re: Apple Lisa and Macintosh schematics >Date: Sun, May 25, 2003, 3:51 PM > HI !!!! luky to see you again ! > the book ? i'm developping a lot with "68000 family reference" > i'm programming a 680x0 emulator to deassembly with simulation path > .... yeh i'd like to hack and grap software secret to improve my > assembler. > I'm using my "68EC000 IDP board" rom with "MON68" monitor debugger > ..... my simultaor simulate the whole board using this rom. > In this way i can speed up download .... (that are reduced to a poor > file copy, because there is no real UART 9600 bps transfer .... just a > superfast 44MB/sec harddisk file copy .... the secret iis that the > memory is a file) > about hardware ? i'm planning to develop my board around a 68030, using > your "68030 reference book" ..... i'm planning just to use only 8bit > data bus ..... just 1 Kb Rom 1 64Kb Ram .... a HD44780 20x4 char > alphanumeric display and a 9600bps UART. > the firmware will be "PERVASIVE" : i mean that i'm planning to develop > a ROM/RAM tiny file-system, a nano kernel working with tasks (no > process or thread) ..... > well i'm learning a lot from your books .... i'm fully reading the SAMS > 68010-68020 primer .... that helps me a lot with the simulator > dettails. > wow that is all for now. > ah, yah i forget: the shell is ready as beta. > Would you like to try it under windows ? if so it will recompiled for > 80386 as a normal dos program. > I shocked myself porting it to my 68EC000 idp board .... and to a real > nintendo GameBoy > (this last one it was done for fun ..... i friend of mine told me that > was impossinble ..... but i did it) > any probelm ? > yes, to be honest a lot .... but the main one is that i have no > documentation about the bus of my "motorola 68EC0x0IDP integrated > development platform" ..... i bought it form Motorola (for $940) and > there is a documentation-book where it is written: > if you need documentation about the "IDP bus timing" please write to > "motorola Austin Texas" > i did as written nobody answared me .... i email motorola digitalDNA > .... the answared that the platform is obsoleted and that in their > server there is no documentation. > They suggest to use an oscilloscope to probe signal's timing from the > IDP bus ..... that is too hard for me for just a reason: i have no > oscilloscope .... and at school we have virtual one (done by LabView > and an acquisition board plugged inside PC) .... no goods for what i > need to do. > why i need this ? because the IDP bus is not standard and it is 25Mhz > syncronous ..... not so easy. > I'd like to plug an hard-disk to improve my file-system from tiny to > large (400MB 1GB) > that is really all since last time ... > and you ? how are you ? > a friend of mine went to SataFE last weeks ..... luky is him !!! > cool sun, cool place and people .... > and you what do you say ? > (p.s. where are you exactly ?) > best regards >>Hi Adrian, >>Have the Motorola 680x0 books been useful to your electrical engineering >>school work in Italia? Does the 68040 CPU chip work? Greetings, I haven't heard anything. I gave them your email address so you might get some mail directly. Also, I posted a request for the info on comp.sys.m68k Take a look: http://groups.google.com/groups?dq=&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&group=comp.sys.m68k&selm=4163811b.0402201732.5b0d397%40posting.google.com So check this web page from time to time to see if someone replies. Good Luck, > hi, >> [*] bus timing > for information on M68EC0x0IDP bus timing, write the > >> following adrress: > >> Motorola > >> High-Performance MPU division > >> ATTN: IDP Technical Support > any news about this ??? > i can't find nothing on newsgroup. > Does your motorola friend have this information ? > or somebody know something about the board ? > best regards Greetings, Yes, I remember, how are you? Motorola is a very big company and the semiconductor division was just a small part. In fact, in the beginning it was set up to supply parts to the rest of the company. But it turned out that they sold most of their parts to other companies, and they made Motorola a lot of money for many years. But in the last several years the semiconductor division has been loosing money, so motorola decided to spin it off as a separate company. Now the must make money or go out of business! -mark- wrote: > hi, > do you remember me ? > i'm the boy you sold the "68060 die photos" > today i was shocked: "motorola semiconductors" has > been changed into "Freescale" > and all customers support of old "motorola digital > DNA" has automatically closed. what do you think is happening ? > is motorola in a big money jam ? > i contact the old "motorola digital DNA" to have informations about > "mc68150 dynamic bus sizer chip" freescale answared me ..... > (that it has no data-sheet) > what do you think ? > best regards I need precisely the functionality you are describing to test programs written for the ColdFire 5407 without the actual hardware. The code would only be used to create a tool for my use in testing and debugging my embedded code. My current project is an embedded system for testing proprietary electronic devices. Having an emulator would be invaluable during development and testing. If you could share your code with me I would certainly be willing to forward any support I add for the ColdFire back to you, if you like. If you can't share the actual code, I understand--I just had to ask--this sounds like it would be so helpful. Thanks, Chris -----Original Message----- Sent: Wednesday, September 03, 2003 3:00 PM Subject: Re: reverse assembler >Does your C program actually emulate the 68K? Yes, not the whole iset, i have to code it, i have no much time. However the demo i show to my teacher is able to run a "hello world" program that prints to a real HD44780 by re-defining trap 15 to a virtual device (that on the real board is a MC68230) that handles LPT where the display is attached. I planned to emulate 68000, 68020, 68030, 68040, 68060. I don't know how to handle MMU, now. however i'm working around 68000 and i have to test the ALU condition code register: there are no good tests in motorola books, i don't understand some dettails like MUL-U MUL-S condition code affections. >it sounds as if that is what you have--more than a mere disassembler. this because we code a lot of software, and because we did it aim for a lot of goal. The shell, the tini-filesystem and the "reverse-assembler" i don't like "disassembler" term because i mere de-asm is a program that jumps back your binary. My reverse-assembler emulate a binary into a virtual machine showing register contents step by step. I mean that i can obtain a file where you can easily track the register- values during the running. In this case the goal is the need: we have to code and test programs but we have to test them on a real 68000 board, the school's one, and unfortunatly we can't access to it when we want ... we have no much time and we have no money to buy a personal board. So we code an emulator to have the board in our portable PC. The real board is hard to be de-bugged ... because we can't track the memory or stop the CPU to analyze ... we code the emulator to allow this. >In your first post you asked if anyone was intrerested--if this is the case, >I am very interested--I need something like this to help me through my >>current project! what is your project about ??? how can my project help you ? which CPU should it be for ? >Would you consider sharing that code with me? it may be, i have to ask my teacher and my team. I remember you we are using ANSI crude C (borland Turbo C 3.0 for DOS) however the shell is portable to UNIX and we ported it using Gcc and HP-C89. what we really need now is a good 68K compiler. We hack Sierra C 68K, it works well but it is only for 68000, and it need windows. we will try to make a gcc-68K cross compiler for our HP-712 HPUX 11.00 best regards
 

Latest revision as of 12:36, 17 October 2020